Infection and response Flashcards
How can bacterial infections be treated
Antibiotics
What is a type of antibiotic?
Penicillin
How are monoclonal antibodies made?
1.inject a mouse with antigen
2.mouse will bleed and lymphocytes will produce antibodies to the antigen
3.hybridoma cell divides and produces antibodies
4.fuse with tumour cell so that can clone
5.purify the antibodies for use
What is a lymphocyte?
They produce antibodies which are specific for a particular antigen or pathogen. The antibodies cause the pathogens to clump together so phagocytise is easier.
How do pregnancy tests work?
1.The hormone HCG is produced when in early stages of pregnancy
2.HCG is passed out of the urine
3.monoclonal antibodies ,which have die attached, designed to bind with HCG are attached to the pregnancy test.
4.If HCG is present it will bind with the monoclonal antibodies and the die is released and a line is shown
5.The urine will continue to the next window and bind with immobilised monoclonal antibodies and another coloured line is shown. This determines wether the test works.
What do antibodies do?
Bind to a specific antigen
What is a monoclonal antibody?
Is one type of antibody that only binds to one specific antigen
What is a pathogen
Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be spread from person to person
How do viruses damage the body?
1.Reproduce inside host cells
2.burst the host cell open
3.destroys cell
What are antibiotics?
Drugs made by fungi that kill or prevent the growth of bacteria
What is an antigen?
Unique molecules on the cell surface of pathogens
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that cannot be spread from person to person
What are some examples of communicable diseases?
tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS
What are some example of non-communicable diseases
Hart disease, cancer, diabetes
What is an antigen?
Unique molecules on the cell surface of pathogens that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not.
What are antibodies?
Proteins produced in the body in response to a specific antigen as part of the immune response.
