infection and response

Question 1

what are the four type of pathogens

Answer 1

bacteria, virus, fungi and protist

Question 2

how can pathogen spread

Answer 2

air borne droplets, water and direct contact

Question 3

what is the name of an infect animal or plant

Answer 3

host

Question 4

how do bacteria damage human or plants

Answer 4

they enter through the body and produce toxins. these toxins can damage tissues and make you feel ill

Question 5

how do viruses damage human or plants

Answer 5

they enter the host cells, where they live and reproduce. they cause damage tot he cells that they live inside

Question 6

is measles a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 6

viral disease

Question 7

how does measles spread

Answer 7

through air borne droplets, when someone sneezes or coughs

Question 8

what are the symptoms of measles

Answer 8

fever, red skin rash and can be fatal

Question 9

how can you treat measles

Answer 9

most people are vaccinated against measles as children to prevent this

Question 10

is HIV a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 10

viral disease

Question 11

how does HIV spread

Answer 11

through bodily fluids, for example sharing needles from drug users and sexual contact

Question 12

what are the symptoms of HIV

Answer 12

flu like symptoms at first (the virus attacks the cells of the immune system). in the late stages of HIV (if not treated), it will become AIDS; the immune system is too damaged to fight off other infections

Question 13

what can HIV lead to

Answer 13

AIDS. in the late stages of HIV (if not treated), it will become AIDS; the immune system is too damaged to fight off other infections. the immune system will be to weak to deal with cancers

Question 14

is salmonella a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 14

bacterial disease

Question 15

how does salmonella spread

Answer 15

by eating food that contains the bacteria and direct contact with the bacteria

Question 16

how can food be contaminated with salmonella

Answer 16

if the food is prepared in unhygienic conditions, for example using the same knife you used to cut red meat and then white bread

Question 17

what the symptoms of salmonella

Answer 17

fever, cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea and could be fatal

Question 18

how you stop the spread of salmonella

Answer 18

always practice non cross-contamination techniques and poultry in the UK are vaccinated against the disease

Question 19

is gonorrhoea a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 19

bacterial disease

Question 20

how can gonorrhoea spread

Answer 20

through sexual intercourse (STD)

Question 21

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 21

thick yellow or green discharge from the penis or vagina and pain when urinating

Question 22

how can gonorrhoea be treated

Answer 22

easily be treated with an antibiotic called penicillin (however there are strains of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin) and the barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms

Question 23

is malaria a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 23

protist disease

Question 24

how does malaria spread

Answer 24

mosquitos (vector) can pick up the malaria protist when they suck the blood from an infected person. When the mosquito bites another person, they pass on the malaria protist in their salvia

Question 25

what are the symptoms of malaria

Answer 25

fever, sweats and chills, headaches, vomiting, diarrhoea and can be fatal

Question 26

how can malaria be treated

Answer 26

control the spread of malaria by preventing mosquitos from breeding, such as getting rid of standing water (where they breed) or using nets to capture the mosquitos, therefore reducing the chance of being bitten

Question 27

TMV is a disease found in plants. Is it a a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 27

viral disease

Question 28

how does TMV spread

Answer 28

when one infected plant, direct comes in contact with another plant

Question 29

what are the symptoms of TMV

Answer 29

plants with TMV will have a mosaic pattern of discolouration on their leaves

Question 30

why does plants with TMV have stunted growth

Answer 30

TMV affects the plants way to photosynthesise properly. this affects the number of chloroplasts in the plants cells. this means the plants cant photosynthesise enough food to grow

Question 31

how can you treat TMV

Answer 31

cutting off the and destroying infected parts of the plant and isolating the infected plants from non-infected plants

Question 32

Rose black spot is a disease found in plants. Is it a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease

Answer 32

fungal disease

Question 33

what are the symptoms of rose black spot

Answer 33

black or purple spots that develop on the leaves of infected plants and the leaves can turn yellow and drop off

Question 34

how does rose black spot spread

Answer 34

the fungus can travel in water or the wind to infect more plants

Question 35

why do plants with rose black spot have stunted growth

Answer 35

Rose black spot affects the plants way to photosynthesise properly. this affects the number of chloroplasts in the plants cells. this means the plants cant photosynthesise enough food to grow

Question 36

how can you treat rose black spot

Answer 36

infected plants can be treated with fungicides and to remove and destroy discoloured leaves

Question 37

what are the first line of defence