infection and response Flashcards
what are the four type of pathogens
bacteria, virus, fungi and protist
how can pathogen spread
air borne droplets, water and direct contact
what is the name of an infect animal or plant
host
how do bacteria damage human or plants
they enter through the body and produce toxins. these toxins can damage tissues and make you feel ill
how do viruses damage human or plants
they enter the host cells, where they live and reproduce. they cause damage tot he cells that they live inside
is measles a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
viral disease
how does measles spread
through air borne droplets, when someone sneezes or coughs
what are the symptoms of measles
fever, red skin rash and can be fatal
how can you treat measles
most people are vaccinated against measles as children to prevent this
is HIV a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
viral disease
how does HIV spread
through bodily fluids, for example sharing needles from drug users and sexual contact
what are the symptoms of HIV
flu like symptoms at first (the virus attacks the cells of the immune system). in the late stages of HIV (if not treated), it will become AIDS; the immune system is too damaged to fight off other infections
what can HIV lead to
AIDS. in the late stages of HIV (if not treated), it will become AIDS; the immune system is too damaged to fight off other infections. the immune system will be to weak to deal with cancers
is salmonella a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
bacterial disease
how does salmonella spread
by eating food that contains the bacteria and direct contact with the bacteria
how can food be contaminated with salmonella
if the food is prepared in unhygienic conditions, for example using the same knife you used to cut red meat and then white bread
what the symptoms of salmonella
fever, cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea and could be fatal
how you stop the spread of salmonella
always practice non cross-contamination techniques and poultry in the UK are vaccinated against the disease
is gonorrhoea a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
bacterial disease
how can gonorrhoea spread
through sexual intercourse (STD)
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea
thick yellow or green discharge from the penis or vagina and pain when urinating
how can gonorrhoea be treated
easily be treated with an antibiotic called penicillin (however there are strains of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin) and the barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms
is malaria a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
protist disease
how does malaria spread
mosquitos (vector) can pick up the malaria protist when they suck the blood from an infected person. When the mosquito bites another person, they pass on the malaria protist in their salvia
what are the symptoms of malaria
fever, sweats and chills, headaches, vomiting, diarrhoea and can be fatal
how can malaria be treated
control the spread of malaria by preventing mosquitos from breeding, such as getting rid of standing water (where they breed) or using nets to capture the mosquitos, therefore reducing the chance of being bitten
TMV is a disease found in plants. Is it a a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
viral disease
how does TMV spread
when one infected plant, direct comes in contact with another plant
what are the symptoms of TMV
plants with TMV will have a mosaic pattern of discolouration on their leaves
why does plants with TMV have stunted growth
TMV affects the plants way to photosynthesise properly. this affects the number of chloroplasts in the plants cells. this means the plants cant photosynthesise enough food to grow
how can you treat TMV
cutting off the and destroying infected parts of the plant and isolating the infected plants from non-infected plants
Rose black spot is a disease found in plants. Is it a bacterial, viral, fungal or protist disease
fungal disease
what are the symptoms of rose black spot
black or purple spots that develop on the leaves of infected plants and the leaves can turn yellow and drop off
how does rose black spot spread
the fungus can travel in water or the wind to infect more plants
why do plants with rose black spot have stunted growth
Rose black spot affects the plants way to photosynthesise properly. this affects the number of chloroplasts in the plants cells. this means the plants cant photosynthesise enough food to grow
how can you treat rose black spot
infected plants can be treated with fungicides and to remove and destroy discoloured leaves
what are the first line of defence
