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nursing 314 exam 3 > Infection and Prevention Control PP > Flashcards

Infection and Prevention Control PP Flashcards

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1
Q

infection

A

results when a pathogen invades tissues and beging growing within a host

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2
Q

Colonization

A

presence and growth of microorganism’s within a host without tissue invasion or damage

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3
Q

Chain of infection

A
  1. infectious agent
  2. Reservorir (food, O2, H20, temp, pH, light)
  3. Portal of exit
    (skin and mucous membranes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract, blood)
  4. modes of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible host
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4
Q

The infectious process

defenses against infection

A

-normal floras
-body system defenses
-inflammation
(vascular and cellular responses)
(inflammatory exudate)
(tissue repair)

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5
Q

The infectious process

health care associated infections (HAI)

A

occur as the result of

  • invasive procedures
  • antibiotic administration
  • multidrug resistant organisms
  • breaks in infection prevention and control activities
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6
Q

Nursing based knowledge base

Factors influencing infection prevention and control

A
  • age
  • nutritional status
  • stress
  • disease process
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7
Q

Signs and systoms of infection

KNOW for exam

A
  1. fever
  2. fatigue
  3. N/V
  4. Inflammation: tissue/lymph
  5. Purulent drainage/exudate
  6. confusion
  7. elevated WBCS
  8. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  9. positive cultures
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8
Q

Nursing process assessment

A

through the patients eyes

  • past experiences
  • knowledge of infection
  • risk factors
  • clinical appearance
  • status of defense mechanism
    - medical therapy
  • travel history
  • laboratory data
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9
Q

Nursing process; Nursing diagnosis

A 
Nursing diagnoses for infection 
-risk for infection 
-impaired nutritional status: 
deficient food intake 
-impaired oral mucous membrane 
-social isolation 
-impaired tissue integrity
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10
Q

nursing process

planning

A

goals and outcomes

common goals of care often include

  • preventing further exposure to infectious organisms
  • controlling or reducing the extent of infection
  • maintaining resistance to infection
  • verbalizing understanding of infection prevention and control

setting priorities
-establish priorities for each diagnosis and for related goals of care

teamwork and collaboration
-collaborate with patients and interprofessional team.

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11
Q

Nursing process implementation (1 or 6)

A 
-health promotion 
    nutrition 
    hygiene 
    immunization 
    adequate rest and regular 
    exercise
Acute care 
   eliminate the infectious 
   organism  
   support the patients 
   defenses 
Medical asepsis
-control or elimination of infectious agents 
         cleaning 
         disinfection and 
         sterilization 
-protection of the susceptible host 
-control and elimination of reservoirs of infection 
-control of portals of exit/entry
      -cough etiquette
-control of transmission 
      hand hygiene

-isolation and isolation precautions
-standard precautions
-transmission-based
precautions
airborne, droplet, contact
and protective environment
-psychological implications of isolation
-the isolation environment
-personal protective equipment
-gown, masks, eye protection,
gloves
-specimen collection
-bagging trash or linen
-transporting patients

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12
Q

NURSING
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENTATION
(1 OF 6)

A 
• HEALTH PROMOTION
     • NUTRITION
     • HYGIENE
     • IMMUNIZATION
     • ADEQUATE REST AND 
     REGULAR EXERCISE
• ACUTE CARE
     • ELIMINATE THE INFECTIOUS 
      ORGANISM
     • SUPPORT THE PATIENT'S 
       DEFENSES
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13
Q

NURSING
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENTATION
(2 OF 6)

A 
• MEDICAL ASEPSIS
     • CONTROL OR ELIMINATION 
        OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS
             • CLEANING
            • DISINFECTION AND 
              STERILIZATION

• PROTECTION OF THE SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

• CONTROL AND ELIMINATION OF
RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION

  • CONTROL OF PORTALS OF EXIT/ENTRY
    * COUGH ETIQUETTE
  • CONTROL OF TRANSMISSION
    * HAND HYGIENE
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14
Q

NURSING
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENTATION
(3 OF 6)

A 
• ISOLATION AND ISOLATION 
 PRECAUTIONS
     • STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
     • TRANSMISSION-BASED 
        PRECAUTIONS
              • AIRBORNE, DROPLET, 
                CONTACT, AND 
                 PROTECTIVE 
                 ENVIRONMENT
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ISOLATION
  • THE ISOLATION ENVIRONMENT

• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
•GOWNS, MASKS, EYE
PROTECTION, GLOVES

  • SPECIMEN COLLECTION
  • BAGGING TRASH OR LINEN
  • TRANSPORTING PATIENTS
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15
Q

NURSING
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENTATION
(4 OF 6)

A

ROLE OF THE INFECTION CONTROL PROFESSIONAL

  • collection and analysis of infection data
  • evaluation of products and procedures
  • development and review of policies and procedures
  • consultation
  • education
  • implementation of changes
  • application of epidemiological principles
  • antimicrobial management
  • participation in research project
  • monitoring antibiotic resistant organisms in the institution
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16
Q

NURSING
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENTATION
(5 OF 6)

A

INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL FOR HOSPITAL PERSONNEL
• WHO’S FIVE MOMENTS FOR
HAND HYGIENE

• PATIENT EDUCATION
• INFECTION PREVENTION
AND CONTROL IN THE
HOME SETTING

• EXPOSURE ISSUES
      • ACCIDENTAL 
       NEEDLESTICKS
     • BLOOD OR OTHER 
       POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS 
       MATERIALS (OPIMS)
     • AIRBORNE AND DROPLET 
      DISEASES
17
Q

my five moments for hand hygiene

A
  1. before touching a patient
  2. before clean/aseptic procedure
  3. after body fluid exposure risk
  4. after touching a patient
  5. after touching patient surroundings
18
Q

NURSING
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENTATION
(6 OF 6)

A

SURGICAL ASEPSIS

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR A STERILE PROCEDURE

• PERFORMING STERILE PROCEDURES

• DONNING AND REMOVING CAPS,
MASKS, AND EYEWEAR

  • OPENING STERILE PACKAGES
  • OPENING A STERILE ITEM ON A FLAT SURFACE
  • OPENING A STERILE ITEM WHILE HOLDING IT
  • PREPARING A STERILE FIELD
  • POURING STERILE SOLUTIONS
  • SURGICAL SCRUB
  • APPLYING STERILE GLOVES
  • DONNING A STERILE GOW
19
Q

Nursing process evaluation

A

See through the patients eyes
-have the patients expectations been met?

Patient outcomes
-measure the success of the infection control techniques

  • compare the patients actual response with the expected outcomes
  • if goals are not achieved determine what steps must be taken.
20
Q

Safety guidelines for nursing skills

A
  • apply standard precautions
  • use clean gloves when you anticipate contact with body fluids and nonintact skin or mucous membranes
  • use gown, mask, and eye protection when there is a risk for splash
  • keep bedside table surfaces clutter free, clean and dry when performing aseptic procedures
  • clean all equipment that is shared between patients
  • ensure that patients cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, use tissues to contain respiratory secretions and dispose of tissues in waste receptacle
21
Q

A PATIENT IS ADMITTED TO THE HOSPITAL FOR A
MAJOR ABDOMINAL SURGERY. PRIOR TO SURGERY, A
NURSE INSERTS A FOLEY CATHETER. YOU WILL IDENTIFY
A LINK IN THE INFECTION CHAIN AS:

A. RESTRAINTS.
B. POOR HYGIENE.
C. FOLEY CATHETER BAG.
D. IMPROPER POSITIONING.

A

??

22
Q

. YOU ARE CARING FOR THE SAME PATIENT 48 HOURS
LATER. ON PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT, YOU NOTICE THAT THE
WOUND LOOKS RED AND SWOLLEN AND THE PERI WOUND
IS ALSO INFLAMED. THERE IS A SCANT AMOUNT OF
PURULENT DRAINAGE. THE PATIENT’S WBCS ARE
ELEVATED. YOU SHOULD:

A. START ANTIBIOTICS.
B. NOTIFY THE PROVIDER.
C. DOCUMENT THE FINDINGS AND REASSESS IN 2 HOURS.
D. PLACE THE PATIENT ON ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS.

A

nursing 314 exam 3 (8 decks)

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