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Cardiovascular System > Infection and Inflammatory Disease > Flashcards

Infection and Inflammatory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

define pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium that can extend to the myocardium

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2
Q

causes of pericarditis (infective - VIRAL)

A

coxsackle
echovirus
CMV
herpesvirus

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3
Q

causes of pericarditis (infective - BACTERIA)

A 
staphylococcus 
pneumococcus 
streptococcus 
haemophilus 
M.tuberculosis
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4
Q

clinical features of pericarditis

A 
recent viral infection
fever
chest pain: 
pleuritic 
worse when lying flat
improves on sitting forward
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5
Q

examination of pericarditis

A

pericardial friction rub
widespread saddle-shaped ST elevation
PR depression
raised troponin

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6
Q

investigations of pericarditis

A

ECG
bloods (FBC, U+Es, troponin)
ECHO
angiogram

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7
Q

management of pericarditis (1ST LINE - idiopathic or viral)

A

exercise restriction
NSAIDs
adjuvant colchicine

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8
Q

management of pericarditis (2ND LINE)

A

corticosteroids (if NSAIDs refractory)

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9
Q

management of bacterial pericarditis

A

IV antibiotics

pericardiocentesis

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10
Q

complications of pericarditis

A

cardiac tamponade

pericardial effusion

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11
Q

define constrictive pericarditis

A

scarring and loss of elasticity of the pericardial sac that causes loss of normal cardiac filling

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12
Q

clinical features of constrictive pericarditis

A

fluid overload
poor exercise tolerance
exertional dyspnoea

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13
Q

examination findings in constrictive pericarditis

A 
raised JVP 
quiet heart sounds 
S3 present 
Kussmaul's sign 
pulsus paradoxus
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14
Q

define infective endocarditis

A

infection of the endovascular structures of the heart

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15
Q

risk factors of infective endocarditis

A

> 60yrs of age
male sex
IV drug use
poor dentition and dental infections

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16
Q

co-morbid conditions in endocarditis

A 
rheumatic heart disease 
congenital heart disease 
prosthetic valves 
previous history of IE
HIV infection
17
Q

common infective organisms in endocarditis

A 
staph aureus 
strep viridans 
enterococci
strep bovis 
HACEK organisms
18
Q

clinical features of infective endocarditis

A 
fever 
anorexia 
headache 
myalgia + arthalgia 
night sweats 
abdominal pain 
pleuritic pain + cough
19
Q

signs of infective endocarditis

A 
janeway lesions 
osler nodes 
roth spots 
splinter haemorrhages 
microscopic haematuria
20
Q

investigations of infective endocarditis

A 
ECG 
CXR
bloods (FBC, U+Es, LFTs and CRP) 
ECHO
blood cultures (3x different times and sites)

Cardiovascular System (6 decks)

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