Infection and Immunity :Perioperative prophylaxis Flashcards
1
Q
What is prophylaxis?
A
treatment given, or action taken to prevent disease
1
Q
What are Healthcare Associated Infections?
A
-
MRSA
- From poor hygiene, indwelling catheters
-
Clostridium difficile
- Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, poor hygiene
-
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)
- Urinary catheters
-
Surgical site infections
- Infections from gram negative bacteria, MRSA, group A streptococcus, anaerobes
2
Q
What are the main ways that infection if prevented?
A
- Infection control in healthcare
- Vaccines
- Post-exposure prophylaxis
- Outbreak investigation → find out how far outbreak has spead, how is involved, how it can be contained?
- Standardisation
- Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT) → used in clinical procedures
3
Q
Why do we need to prevent infection?
A
need to prevent infection: to reduce morbidity and mortality, which may result from sepsis
reduce length of stay in hospital and risk of hospital procedures
less economic burden
4
Q
What are the Principles of Prevention?
A
- Remove sources
- Block routes of transfer
- Enhanced natural resistance
- Offer chemical (antimicrobial) prophylaxis
5
Q
What are the routes of transmission?
A
- airdrops
-direct contact
-faecal-oral
6
Q
How to prevent airborne transmission?
A
- Place patients in source isolation
- Use filtered air, negative pressure
7
Q
How to prevent Direct contact?
A
- patients placed in source isolation → esp with microorganisms that easily spread
- Aseptic technique, hand hygiene
8
Q
How to Minimise and Control Exposure to Microorganisms
A
- Decontamination of contaminated equipment
- Uncontaminated food and drinks to pts.
- Safe disposal of hospital waste
- Screening (pts.) and immunisation (staff)
9
Q
What are the factors that affect infection?
A
- Microorganisms
- host
- enviroment
- treatment: previous and current
