Infection Flashcards
3 most common organisms causing cellulitis
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Staph. aureus
- MRSA
Most likely cause of cellulitis occurring in the orbit
Haemophilis influenza
Infection often arises from the adjacent sinuses
Organism –> thrush
candida albicans
- white curd discharge
Bacteria that do not show up on gram staining (4)
Mycobacteria
Legionella
Chlamydia
Spirochetes
Most common cause of travellers’ diarrhoea
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Typhoid is caused by ???
Spread = ?
Skin may have ?
Samonella typhi
F/O
Maculopapular rash - rose spots
C.diff treatment
ORAL metronidazole
ORAL vancomycin
Mot common cause of CAP
strep. pneumonia
Pneumonia that comes in epidemics every 3/4 years
Atypical presenting features (3)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Myalgia, arthralgia, headache
Mycoplasma pneumoniae on CXR
Patch consolidation through the lung fields.
Clinical features of the disease does not usually correlated with CXR findings
Relatively rare pneumonia that occurs in elderly patients with other underlying co-morbidities
May present with
- productive cough of purulent/blood-stained sputum
- Cavitating pneumo
Klebsiella pneumonia
Pneumonia that follows an influenzal viral infection
S. aureus
Frequent the cause of I/E of COPD
Haemophilus influenza
Gonorrhoea is caused by ??
Neisseria gonorrheae
Gonorrhoea presentation in men
Purulent urethral discharge (yellow coloured)
Dysuria
Gonorrhoea presentation in women
Often asymptomatic May: - vaginal d/c - pelvic pain - Dysuria Intermtnstrual bleeding
Most common STI in the uK
Chlamydia
Painless, hard ulcer on penis
Chancre of primary syphillis
Causative organism of syphillis
Spirochete Treponema pallidum
Clinical features of a CMV infection
Fever Pneumonitis Colitis Hepatits Retinitis (most common presentation in a patient with AIDS) CNS disease
Prophylaxis against a meningitis for close contacts
Ciprofloxacin and rifampicin are both recommended but ciprofloxacin is the preferred choice for most individuals
Mumps is a _________
paramyxovirus
Fever, malaise, lethargy, headache
Pain and swelling of the parotid glands (uni/bilateral)
Mumps
Fevers, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis
Koplik’s spots (clustered grey lesions in the buccal mucosa adjacent to 2nd molar)
Measles
Infective endocarditis causative organisms in:
- IVDU
- Dental work
- prosthetic valve
- GI problems
- s.aureus
- strep. viridians (part of normal flora of the mouth)
- s. epidermidis (more indolent course)
- Strep. bovis
Septic arthritis causative organisms in:
- Young fit adults
- Children
- Older patients
- TB
- Prosthetic joint
- Gonococcal arthritis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staph. aureus
- Mycobactrium tuberculosis
- Staph. epidermidis
Pneumonia in AIDS patient =
____ infection
Presents with dry cough, exertional dyspnoea, fever and malaise
CXR: normal or _________
CT _____
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Fungal
Bilateral perihilar interstital shadowing
Ground-glass appearanc
Kaposi sarcoma is associated with ?? pathogen
Human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8)
Fundoscopy findings of CMV retinitis
Haemorrhages and exudates
‘Pizza-pie’ appearance
Fundoscopy findings of optic atrophy
Pale optic disc
Commonly affects diabetics
Presents with decreased visual acuity
HIV +
abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Profuse diarrhoea
Cryptosporidosis
Osteomyelitis causative organisms
- most common
- another one
- PT with sickle cell anaemia
- Staphylococcus
- Haemophilus influenza
- Salmonella
