Infection

Question 1

what is an infection?

Answer 1

The establishment of an organism on or in a host

associated with its multiplication and damage to or dysfunction of the host

specifically related to that organism or its products.

Question 2

what causes infection?

Answer 2

pathogenic microbes:

1. viruses
2. prions
3. bacteria
4. Archaea
5. Protozoa
6. fungi
7. helminths

Question 3

why do particular individuals get particular infections?

Answer 3

encounter
virulence vs. host resistance
innate and adaptive immunity

Question 4

what influencees the outcome of infection

Answer 4

encounter dose and route
virulence vs. host resistance
innate and adaptive immunity
timely diagnosis and treatment

Question 5

colours of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Answer 5

gram positive are purple

have thick walls that retain crystal violet

gram negative are pink

have thin walls do not retain crystal violet

Question 6

define pathogen

and give the classification groups they are a part of.

Answer 6

a microbe that causes human disease

are bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 7

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 7

major groups
P- Bacteria and Archaea
E - fungi and protozoa

Genetic material
P- most DNA naked in single circular strand free in cytoplams - No nucleus - one chromosome
E - linear DNA in nucleus - many chromosomes

Membrane organelles
P- no E- yes

transcription/translation
P- coupled E - compartmentalized

mRNA P- v. lable E - stable and labile

Ribosomes P- 70s and E- 80S
Peptidoglycan cell wall P - all bacteria E - absent

cell division P- binary fission E - mitosis, meiosis or both.