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Med/Surg II Wound Care Unit > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

An infection acquired while in the hospital is called

A

a nosocomial infection

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2
Q

Factors that predispose individuals with open wounds to infection

A
  • host characteristics

- local factors

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3
Q

List host characteristics

A
  • diabetes
  • malnutrition
  • obesity
  • steroid usage
  • immunocompromisation
  • increased age
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4
Q

List local factors

A
  • ischemia
  • presence of necrotic tissue or debris in wound
  • chronic wounds
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5
Q

Signs of infection

A
  • Induration
  • Fever - calor
  • Erythema - rubor
  • Edema - tumor
  • Odor (even after irrigation)
  • Infection vs. Inflammation
  • Purulence
  • Increased pain - dolor
  • Friable tissue
  • Change in color
  • Increased glucose levels in pts with diabetes
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6
Q

Bacterial bioburden - contamination

A

all wounds have non-replicating bacteria and does not impede healing

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7
Q

Bacterial bioburden - colonization

A

increased number of bacteria replicating in wound without host reaction, does not impede healing

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8
Q

Bacterial bioburden - critical colonization

A

bacteria is multiplying in wound with local signs causing delayed healing

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9
Q

Bacterial bioburden - infection

A

10^4 or 10^5 organisms per gram of tissue causing a systemic response

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10
Q

Other types of infection besides bacterial

A
  • cellulitis
  • lymphangitis
  • sepsis
  • osteomyelitis
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11
Q

What is cellulitis?

A
  • acute infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue

- presents in stocking pattern sometimes

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12
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A
  • inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infection at distal channel
  • streaking following lymph vessels
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13
Q

What is sepsis?

A

body is overloaded with bacteria causing systemic inflammatory response and can lead to organ dysfunction

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14
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

infection of the bone

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15
Q

What is streaking?

A

. . .

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16
Q

Fungi

A
  • Tinea

- Candida

17
Q

What is Tinea? What does it affect?

A
  • red, scaling patches with fissuring and itching

- nails/feet

18
Q

What is candida?

A
  • red, papular skin rashes with burning, itching

- yeast-like

19
Q

Lab tests for infection

A
  • sedimentation rate
  • platelets
  • WBC
20
Q

What culture technique identifies colonization, resistances, and sensitivities with 80% accuracy?

A

Levine Technique

21
Q

What is the big deal with the Levine Technique?

A

identifies colonization, resistances, and sensitivities with 80% accuracy

22
Q

Describe the Levine Technique

A
  • cleanse wound thoroughly
  • pat dry
  • moisten swab with saline
  • rotate swab over 1 cm viable tissue attempting to express wound fluid
23
Q

What should you do if a wound has not shown progress in 10-14 days?

A

reconsider the possibility of infection with diminished response

24
Q

Who is at greater risk of silent infections?

A

pts who are immunocompromised or have inadequate perfusion

25
Q

Examples of silent infections

A
  • abscess
  • pt with arterial insufficiency
  • gangrenous toe
26
Q

If suspecting a silent infection, what should clinicians look for?

A

systemic signs of infection

27
Q

Define bacterial biofilm

A

structured community of bacteria cells enclosed in a self produced polymetric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface

28
Q

Biofilms provide a ____________ mode of growth from _____________, _____________, and ______________.

A

protected mode; phagocytosis; antibodies; antibiotics

29
Q

What should you do if there is a biofilm?

A
  • must be removed by effective debridement techniques

- once removed, prevent reformation by applying effective dressings, antibiotics, antimicrobials, or antiseptics

30
Q

Antimicrobial agent

A

destroys unicellular organisms

31
Q

Antibacterial agents

A

antimicrobials that are effective against bacteria

32
Q

2 types of antibacterial agents

A
  • bactericidal

- bacteriostatic

33
Q

Bactericidal

A

resulting in bacterial death

34
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

inhibits bacterial growth

35
Q

Dressing techniques

A
  • clean technique

- sterile technique

36
Q

Sterile technique

A

hold hands with palms facing your face so you can see them and know where they are (avoid bumping into anything or touching anything without thinking)

37
Q

Clean technique

A

wearing gloves, touch package of dressing, place dressing on pt

Med/Surg II Wound Care Unit (11 decks)

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