Infection

Question 1

List some ways to prevent infections.

Answer 1

• Perform screening and assess for cues of infection, implementing appropriate actions as needed
• Perform hand washing or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after patient contact or procedures
• Appropriately use PPE
• Change gloves and wash hands when moving between tasks, even when working with the same patient
• Implement appropriate transmission-based precautions
• Ensure all reusable equipment is properly cleaned before use with a new patient
• Avoid or limit use of invasive interventions when possible
• Give antimicrobial therapy as prescribed
• Use proper technique when performing procedures that require aseptic technique
• Ensure all environmental surfaces are properly cleaned, disinfected, and maintained
• Implement specific care bundles to prevent HAIs
• Properly dispose of patient-care equipment contaminated with blood, body fluid, secretions, and excretions
• Maintain closed catheter systems, such as those used for hemodynamic monitoring, chest tubes, urinary catheters, and IV infusions, when possible

Question 2

What is the order for donning PPE?

Answer 2

1. gown
2. mask
3. goggles
4. gloves

Remember: from bottom to top with your arms raised

Question 3

What is the order for doffing PPE?

Answer 3

1. gloves
2. goggles
3. gown
4. mask

Remember: alphabetical order

Question 4

Describe how HIV is transmitted. Educate client on how to prevent HIV transmission.

Answer 4

• Transmitted through contact w/ infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk
• Sexual Transmission
  ~ Unprotected sex w/ a person w/ a high HIV viral load
• Contact w/ Blood and Blood Products
  ~ Sharing needles, syringes, straws, and other equipment contaminated with HIV or other blood borne organisms
• Perinatal Transmission
  ~Mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding

Question 5

Developing an individual teaching plan for a client with a client taking antiretroviral therapy (Planning / Generate Solutions).

Answer 5

• Adhering at ART
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes avoiding exposure to other STIs and blood borne disease
• Protect others from HIV
• Have supportive relationships
• Maintain activities and productivity
• Explore spiritual issues
• Come to terms w/ issues r/t disease, disability
• Cope w/ symptoms caused by HIV and it’s treatments

Question 6

Developing an individual teaching plan for a client with a client taking antiretroviral therapy (Implementations / Take-Action).

Answer 6

• Utilize universal precautions consistently
• Administer ART as prescribed and on time
• Provide nutritionally dense foods and small, frequent meals
• Provide emotional support
• Provide education on prevention techniques and methods (PrEP, using protective barriers, limiting the number of sexual partners)

Question 7

How do you care for someone with COVID-19?

Answer 7

• Isolation Precautions
  ~ Standard
  ~ Airborne + Contact + Droplet
• Clean hands
• Gown
• N95 + eye protection
• gloves