infection Flashcards
Virulence factors
Molecules produced by bacteria that cause harm to tissues they re invading
Pathogenic capacity
Ability of a pathogen to evade immune system effector mechanisms
Bacteria that cause puss formation are called
Pyogenic bacteria
Disease mechanism extra cell bacteria
Pyogenic forming puss postulates and cause harm through release of endo and exotoxins (lps can cause septic shock)
Adaptive immune response for extra cell bacteria
Th2 and Th17 (th17 is mainly involved in granulocyte recruitment
Harmful effects of extra cell bacteria infection
Inflammation, Tissue damage, and long term effects from the ab response
Examples of long-term ab response complications caused by extra cell bacteria
Rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Methods of resistance to IS in extra cell bacteria
Resistance of phagocytosis, resistance to antibodies,
what causes tuberculoid leprosy and Lepromatous leprosy
intracellular pathogen, mycobacterium leprae
Main cytokine in septic shock
TNF
Main defense of innate immune system against intracellular pathogens
Cellular immunity (usually disease cause by an extended cellular response )
what’s the main cause of disease in and intracellular infection, what’s the problem
Extended immune response, as they are intracellular pathogens the innate immune system cant fully clear the infection on their own
Type of of infections and they’re adaptive response cause by mycobacterium leprae
Tuberculoid leprosy Th1 response with cellular immunity which is less destructive and less infectious. Lepromatous leprosy which is cause by a Th2 immune response exhibiting a high Ig titer and destructive and infectious effects
harmful effects of intracell infections
Granuloma formations, and autoimmune diseases like reactive arthritis
5 mechanisms of evasion in intracellular bacteria
Phagolysosome formation, Phagosome membrane disruption, neutralization of ROS and NS, Inhibition of antigen presentation and the induction or inhibition of apoptosis
Viral disease mechanisms
Can cause cell death by disruption of ell protein production, also through lytic viral cycles, or can remain as a latent viral infection by producing viral proteins that interfere with cell normal function but don’t cause cell death
what cytopathic effect can virus cause
The can cause cell lysis through interference of normal cell protein production and also through lytic cell pathways
pgUL40
Mechanism of avoidance of death of host cells, pgUL40 mimics HLA-E, an HLA molecule on cell surfaces that tells NK cells to not kill them, lack of these receptors usually occurs from intracellular infection so
pgUL40
Mechanism of avoidance of death of host cells, pgUL40 mimics HLA-E, an HLA molecule on cell surfaces that tells NK cells to not kill them, lack of these receptors usually occurs from intracellular infection so NK cells use that as a signal to trigger apoptosis in said cells (through KIR and KAR receptors). Conclusion, virus’s avoid being spotted by presenting pgUL40 on their host cells surface
US evasion mechanism (and types and what they do)
Cytomegalovirus’s mechanism to avoid antigen presentation, can inhibit antigenic processing in different steps US6 inhibit TAP transporter US3 inhibits exit for HLA,
evasion effect of cytomegalovirus
Inhibits HLA antigen presentation
other viral evasion mechanisms (just try and think of some)
Infecting immune cells, cytokine modulation, etc.
