Infant + Toddler childgrowth and development

Question 1

What don’t growth charts factor? What should the measurements be based on?

Answer 1

Does not factor premature babies, or low weight babies

Measurements should be based on corrected age (how old they would be had they been born at 40 weeks gestation)

Question 2

What does the term differencation refer to as?

Answer 2

When cells and structures are modified to achieve specific characteristic
Develop from simple to complex activities and functions

Question 3

What does the term development refer to?

Answer 3

Gradual change and advancement. When someone becomes more mature, learns, expanding of a persons capacities

Question 4

How does play start/develop?

Answer 4

Play starts through socialization where infants learn to do something to get a response

Then repetition (throwing a toy over and over)

Eventually move to pretend play (imitating, or acting out roles)

Games (from peek-a-boo to puzzles and computer games)

Question 5

What are concerns on the growth cart evidenced by?

Answer 5

Concerns on the growth chart are evidenced by:
Disproportionate height and weight
Not growing at the expected rate
A sudden increase/decrease in growth

Question 6

What did Eriksons psychological development theory describe? What did it use?

Answer 6

He described conflicts or problems that an individual aims to master during specific periods in their development
No conflict is ever mastered!

-Emphasized a healthy personality

Used biological concepts of critical periods and epigenesis

Question 7

What is the self concept of self esteem? How does it change?

Answer 7

The value an individual puts on themselves

Changes with development

Question 8

What is self concept? How does it develop?

Answer 8

-How someone describes themselves

-Develops gradually

Question 9

What is the fourth stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?

Answer 9

4.) Industry Vs inferiority (6-12 years)

-Are workers and producer
-Want to do projects that they can complete (acheivement)
-Learn to complete and cooperate
-Inadequacy and inferirity can happen when too much is expected of them or they belive they can’t meaure up

Question 10

What do sequential trendeds refer to as?

Answer 10

There is a sequence to development

For example: Babies babble before they talk

Question 11

When is head circumference measured until?

Answer 11

Measured until 36 months and any time the size is questionable

Question 12

What is the second stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?

Answer 12

2.) Autinimy Vs shame and doubt (1 - 3 years)

Increasing need to control their bodies, themselves, and environment

Imitating others

Feeling doubt or shame happen when children feel small and self- conscious and when their choices are disastrous, when they are shamed or forced to be dependent

Favorable outcome: self-control and willpower

Question 13

What words are typically spoken first?

Answer 13

Nouns are typically spoken 1st (mama, dada, baby, ball, etc.)

Question 14

What is the fith stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?

Answer 14

5.) Identity vs role confusions (12-18 years)

Rapid physical changes
Become very concerned with their appearances
Inability to solve core conflicts result in role confusion
Devotion and fidelity are outcomes that demonstrate success

Question 15

What does the term growth refer to?

Answer 15

An increase in the number and size of cells that results in an increase is size and weight

Question 16

What does the term maturation refer to as?

Answer 16

Gaining competence and adaptability. When someone can function at a higher level

Question 17

What is the first stage of eriksons psycholgical devlopment theory? What age frame does it encompass?

Answer 17

1.) Trust Vs Mistrust (birth - 1 year)

Most important attribute to a healthy personality

Loving care is important in developing trust

Mistrust develops when trusting promoting experiences are lacking

Question 18

What is the third stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?

Answer 18

3.) Initiative vs guilt (3 - 6 years)

Have an ‘inner voice’

Strong imagination

Will explore with all their senses

Guilt comes when children have goals or do activities that go against their parents/others and then feeling like those activities are bad which produce a sense of guilt

Question 19

How do children assess self-esteem?

Answer 19

Children assess self esteem based on:
Competence
Sense of control
Moral worth
Worthiness of love and acceptance

Question 20

What do developmental trends refer to as?

Answer 20

The time it takes to develop

Different for each person

There are also periods of accelerated development

Question 21

What are some characterisitics of body immage? How do toddlers and infants view it?

Answer 21

Evolves and changes during development
Very complex

Infants - Become aware that their body is separate from others

Toddlers - Identify their body parts

Question 22

What are sensitive periods refered to as?

Answer 22

A time where an individual is more susceptible to influences (positive or negative)

Question 23

What do directional trends refer to as?

Answer 23

Growth and development happen in a direction
For example head to toe: Babies have better control of their head before they have control of their hands and feet

Question 24

Through what method do children learn what no one can teach them?

Answer 24

Through play children learn what no one can teach them

Play is work!!!