Infant + Toddler childgrowth and development Flashcards
What don’t growth charts factor? What should the measurements be based on?
Does not factor premature babies, or low weight babies
Measurements should be based on corrected age (how old they would be had they been born at 40 weeks gestation)
What does the term differencation refer to as?
When cells and structures are modified to achieve specific characteristic
Develop from simple to complex activities and functions
What does the term development refer to?
Gradual change and advancement. When someone becomes more mature, learns, expanding of a persons capacities
How does play start/develop?
Play starts through socialization where infants learn to do something to get a response
Then repetition (throwing a toy over and over)
Eventually move to pretend play (imitating, or acting out roles)
Games (from peek-a-boo to puzzles and computer games)
What are concerns on the growth cart evidenced by?
Concerns on the growth chart are evidenced by:
Disproportionate height and weight
Not growing at the expected rate
A sudden increase/decrease in growth
What did Eriksons psychological development theory describe? What did it use?
He described conflicts or problems that an individual aims to master during specific periods in their development
No conflict is ever mastered!
-Emphasized a healthy personality
Used biological concepts of critical periods and epigenesis
What is the self concept of self esteem? How does it change?
The value an individual puts on themselves
Changes with development
What is self concept? How does it develop?
-How someone describes themselves
-Develops gradually
What is the fourth stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?
4.) Industry Vs inferiority (6-12 years)
-Are workers and producer
-Want to do projects that they can complete (acheivement)
-Learn to complete and cooperate
-Inadequacy and inferirity can happen when too much is expected of them or they belive they can’t meaure up
What do sequential trendeds refer to as?
There is a sequence to development
For example: Babies babble before they talk
When is head circumference measured until?
Measured until 36 months and any time the size is questionable
What is the second stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?
2.) Autinimy Vs shame and doubt (1 - 3 years)
Increasing need to control their bodies, themselves, and environment
Imitating others
Feeling doubt or shame happen when children feel small and self- conscious and when their choices are disastrous, when they are shamed or forced to be dependent
Favorable outcome: self-control and willpower
What words are typically spoken first?
Nouns are typically spoken 1st (mama, dada, baby, ball, etc.)
What is the fith stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?
5.) Identity vs role confusions (12-18 years)
Rapid physical changes
Become very concerned with their appearances
Inability to solve core conflicts result in role confusion
Devotion and fidelity are outcomes that demonstrate success
What does the term growth refer to?
An increase in the number and size of cells that results in an increase is size and weight
What does the term maturation refer to as?
Gaining competence and adaptability. When someone can function at a higher level
What is the first stage of eriksons psycholgical devlopment theory? What age frame does it encompass?
1.) Trust Vs Mistrust (birth - 1 year)
Most important attribute to a healthy personality
Loving care is important in developing trust
Mistrust develops when trusting promoting experiences are lacking
What is the third stage of Erikson’s psychological development theory? What age frame does it encompass?
3.) Initiative vs guilt (3 - 6 years)
Have an ‘inner voice’
Strong imagination
Will explore with all their senses
Guilt comes when children have goals or do activities that go against their parents/others and then feeling like those activities are bad which produce a sense of guilt
How do children assess self-esteem?
Children assess self esteem based on:
Competence
Sense of control
Moral worth
Worthiness of love and acceptance
What do developmental trends refer to as?
The time it takes to develop
Different for each person
There are also periods of accelerated development
What are some characterisitics of body immage? How do toddlers and infants view it?
Evolves and changes during development
Very complex
Infants - Become aware that their body is separate from others
Toddlers - Identify their body parts
What are sensitive periods refered to as?
A time where an individual is more susceptible to influences (positive or negative)
What do directional trends refer to as?
Growth and development happen in a direction
For example head to toe: Babies have better control of their head before they have control of their hands and feet
Through what method do children learn what no one can teach them?
Through play children learn what no one can teach them
Play is work!!!
