Infant Neurologic Exam

Question 1

what is a great way to examine a childs neurological state

Answer 1

watch them at play

Question 2

what are automatisms

Answer 2

newborn reflexes

Question 3

what reflex never goes away!

Answer 3

parachute reflex

Question 4

a beginning walker has what type of gait

Answer 4

wide based

Question 5

are flat arches normal for 18 months

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

observe child turn to sounds

whisper a commonly used word behind the child back and have them repeat it. what cranial nerve are you testing

Answer 6

VIII

Question 7

when does brain growth stop?

Answer 7

12-15 years

Question 8

what is the order of motor maturation

Answer 8

cephalocaudal direction

Question 9

how long should an infant hold their hands in a fist

Answer 9

3 months

Question 10

shine a light at the infants open eyes, observe quick closure of the eyes and dorsal flexion of the infants head

Answer 10

optical blink reflex CN II

Question 11

Root reflex is connected to what CN

Answer 11

V

Question 12

sucking reflex is connected with what cranial nerve

Answer 12

V

Question 13

what cranial nerve is infants facial expressions when crying, wrinkle forhead symmetry of smile

Answer 13

CN VII

Question 14

what reflex, clap your hands close to the infants head note the blink in response to sound. moves eyes in direction of sounds.

Answer 14

CN VII acoustic blink reflex

Question 15

if an infant hears a high pitched sound what do they usually do

Answer 15

freeze in position

Question 16

what maneuver and what CN
hold the infant under the axilla in an upreight position head held steady by parent, facing you.
rotate the infant first in one direction then the other.
infants eyes should turn in the direction of rotation
when movement stops eyes should move in the oppsoite direction

Answer 16

CN VIII

Doll’s Eye Maneuver

Question 17

what CN
corrdinated sucking and swallowing ability
pinch infants nose, mouth will open and tip of tongue will rise in a midline position

Answer 17

XII

Question 18

what type of clonus is common in infants

Answer 18

ankle

Question 19

is the patellar reflex present at birth

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

are the achilles and brachioradialis reflexes apparent at birth

Answer 20

no 6 months

Question 21

yawn 
sneeze 
hicup
blink at bright light and loud sound
pupillary constriction with light
withdrawal from painful stimuli

Answer 21

these are all primitive reflexes

Question 22

plantar reflex persists until when

Answer 22

16-24 months

Question 23

fanning of toes and dorsiflexion of the great toe

Answer 23

babinski sign

Question 24

touch the palm of the infants hand from the ulnar side

note the strong grasp around your finger

Answer 24

palmar grasp

Question 25

when does palmar grasp disapear in an infant

Answer 25

3 months

Question 26

when is palmar grasp the strongest

Answer 26

1-2 months

Question 27

what facilitates palmar grasp

Answer 27

sucking

Question 28

touch the plantar surface of the infants feet at the base of the toes toes should curl downward

Answer 28

pantar grasp

Question 29

how long is the plantar grasp strong

Answer 29

8 months.

Question 30

when does moro diminish

Answer 30

3-4 months

Question 31

hold the infant upright touch the dorsum of the foot at the edge of a flat surface observe flexion of the hips and knees and lifting of the foot as if stepping

Answer 31

placing

Question 32

permanent disorder, non progressive static disturbances that occured in the developing fetal or infant brain

Answer 32

cerebral palsy

Question 33

what brain anatomy specifically may be damaged to cause cerebral palsy

Answer 33

immature periventricular white matter.

Question 34

what type of CP | hypertonicity, tremors, scissor gait, toe walking

Answer 34

spastic CP

Question 35

what type of CP involuntary slow writhing movements of the extremities tremors may be present

Answer 35

Dyskinetic CP

Question 36

what type of CP abnormalities of movement involving balance and position of trunk and extremities

Answer 36

Ataxic CP

Question 37

what are the two peak age ranges for SOL's or intracranial tumors

Answer 37

3-12 | 50-70

Question 38

what will happen to the reflexes of an infant when they have cerebral palsy

Answer 38

they will not go away when they should

Question 39

some signs in children of SOL or intracranial lesion

Answer 39

``` irritability lethargy weight loss growth failure precocious puberty ```

Question 40

what percent of generalized seizure disorder develop in childhood and adolescence

Answer 40

75%

Question 41

what time does the outward gait go away in kids

Answer 41

18 months

Question 42

what CP version is the hardest to identify

Answer 42

ataxic Cerebral Palsy

Question 43

if patient has a constant headache suggest what

Answer 43

SOL intracranial lesion

Question 44

IHS criteria for migraine in children look at it

Answer 44

ok

Question 45

what is the most common variant of a migraine headache in pediatrics

Answer 45

basilar type migraine