Infant Neurologic Exam Flashcards
what is a great way to examine a childs neurological state
watch them at play
what are automatisms
newborn reflexes
what reflex never goes away!
parachute reflex
a beginning walker has what type of gait
wide based
are flat arches normal for 18 months
yes
observe child turn to sounds
whisper a commonly used word behind the child back and have them repeat it. what cranial nerve are you testing
VIII
when does brain growth stop?
12-15 years
what is the order of motor maturation
cephalocaudal direction
how long should an infant hold their hands in a fist
3 months
shine a light at the infants open eyes, observe quick closure of the eyes and dorsal flexion of the infants head
optical blink reflex CN II
Root reflex is connected to what CN
V
sucking reflex is connected with what cranial nerve
V
what cranial nerve is infants facial expressions when crying, wrinkle forhead symmetry of smile
CN VII
what reflex, clap your hands close to the infants head note the blink in response to sound. moves eyes in direction of sounds.
CN VII acoustic blink reflex
if an infant hears a high pitched sound what do they usually do
freeze in position
what maneuver and what CN
hold the infant under the axilla in an upreight position head held steady by parent, facing you.
rotate the infant first in one direction then the other.
infants eyes should turn in the direction of rotation
when movement stops eyes should move in the oppsoite direction
CN VIII
Doll’s Eye Maneuver
what CN
corrdinated sucking and swallowing ability
pinch infants nose, mouth will open and tip of tongue will rise in a midline position
XII
what type of clonus is common in infants
ankle
is the patellar reflex present at birth
yes
are the achilles and brachioradialis reflexes apparent at birth
no 6 months
yawn sneeze hicup blink at bright light and loud sound pupillary constriction with light withdrawal from painful stimuli
these are all primitive reflexes
plantar reflex persists until when
16-24 months
fanning of toes and dorsiflexion of the great toe
babinski sign
touch the palm of the infants hand from the ulnar side
note the strong grasp around your finger
palmar grasp
when does palmar grasp disapear in an infant
3 months
when is palmar grasp the strongest
1-2 months
what facilitates palmar grasp
sucking
touch the plantar surface of the infants feet at the base of the toes
toes should curl downward
pantar grasp
how long is the plantar grasp strong
8 months.
when does moro diminish
3-4 months
hold the infant upright touch the dorsum of the foot at the edge of a flat surface
observe flexion of the hips and knees and lifting of the foot as if stepping
placing
permanent disorder, non progressive static disturbances that occured in the developing fetal or infant brain
cerebral palsy
what brain anatomy specifically may be damaged to cause cerebral palsy
immature periventricular white matter.
what type of CP
hypertonicity, tremors, scissor gait, toe walking
spastic CP
what type of CP involuntary slow writhing movements of the extremities tremors may be present
Dyskinetic CP
what type of CP abnormalities of movement involving balance and position of trunk and extremities
Ataxic CP
what are the two peak age ranges for SOL’s or intracranial tumors
3-12
50-70
what will happen to the reflexes of an infant when they have cerebral palsy
they will not go away when they should
some signs in children of SOL or intracranial lesion
irritability lethargy weight loss growth failure precocious puberty
what percent of generalized seizure disorder develop in childhood and adolescence
75%
what time does the outward gait go away in kids
18 months
what CP version is the hardest to identify
ataxic Cerebral Palsy
if patient has a constant headache suggest what
SOL intracranial lesion
IHS criteria for migraine in children look at it
ok
what is the most common variant of a migraine headache in pediatrics
basilar type migraine
