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Peds > infant g&d > Flashcards

infant g&d Flashcards

1
Q

weight

A

gain 1 oz/day until 6Mj old

doubles wt by 6M, triples by 1 yr

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2
Q

height

A

1 inch/month until 6M

increases by 50% by 1 yr

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3
Q

head

A

0.5 inches/month for first 6M - brain is growing rapidly during this time

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4
Q

fontanelles

A

anterior - closes by 12-18 months (can uses to assess hydration)

posterior - closes by 6-8 wks of age

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5
Q

vision

A

birth - 1M - follows object to midline, can see 8-10 in away

2M - lift and look

3M - interested in faces; begins to associate visual stimuli & event; recognize feeding bottle

4M - hand regard, follows past midline; recognizes familiar objects; follows parents; anticipates feeding on seeing bottle

6M - recognize parents; directed reach; depth perception

7M - transfer hand to hand

10M - object permanence (realize it still exists if object is hidden, will look for)

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6
Q

hearing

A

discriminate to mother’s voice at birth

3-6M - localizes sound; begins to understand few words

6-12M - says first meaninful word

12M - hears and follows simple command

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7
Q

tooth eruption

A

5-6M
low grade fever
fussiness

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8
Q

motor development

1M

A

marked head lag

hand predominantly closed

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9
Q

motor development

2M

A

holds head erect in mid-position

turn from side to back

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10
Q

motor development

3M

A

can hold head up & steady
open or close hand loosely
desires to grasp

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11
Q

motor development

4M

A

can lift up head and support wt with hands
sit with adequate support
hold head erect & steady while in sitting position
brings hands together in midline & plays with fingers
grasps objects with both hands (5M as well)

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12
Q

motor development

5M

A 
rolls from belly to back
two-handed voluntary grasp
balance head well when sitting
sit with slight support
pull feet up to mouth when supine
grasp objects with whole hand
hold one object while looking at another
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13
Q

motor development

6M

A

no head lag
rolls from belly to belly
can sit with support - sit alone briefly
intentional brings things to mouth (4-6M)
holds bottle
grasps feet
can lift chest and upper abdomen when prone

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14
Q

motor development

7M

A 
can tripod sit
bear all their wt on legs (6-7M)
transfers from hand to hand
hold cup
imitate simple acts of others
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15
Q

motor development

8M

A

can sit unsupported
drink from cup with assistance
eat finger food that can be held in one hand

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16
Q

motor development

9M

A

stands holding furniture
pincer grasp begins to develop (8-9M)
hold one bottle with good hand-mouth coordination

17
Q

motor development

10M

A

can go into sitting position from prone or supine (9-10M)
crawl forward on belly first (8-10M)
walk but with help
bring the hands together

18
Q

motor development

11M

A 
true crawl (creep-full support of body on knees & hands)
stand erect with minimal support
19
Q

motor development

12M

A 
cruises around furniture (10-12M)
stand alone for variable length of time
walks well with one hand held
can sit down from upright position (10-12M)
pincer grasp refined (11-12M)
20
Q

Kohlberg: Preconventional Morality - Obedience and Punishment Orientation

A
  • children don’t speak as members of society
  • they see morality as something external to themselves; what the big ppl say they must do
  • child assumes that powerful authorities hand down a fixed set of rules which he or she must unquestioningly obey
21
Q

Erikson: Trust v. Mistrust

A
  • in “sync” with caregiver
  • infant can’t tolerate frustration
  • entirely dependent upon caregiver
  • quality of care child receives plays an important role in shaping of child’s personality
  • don’t understand delayed gratification
22
Q

Piaget: Sensorimotor

A
  • progression from simple reflexes to simple repetitive acts
  • separation
  • object permanence
  • begin to use symbols
  • intelligence takes the form of motor actions
23
Q

Piaget: Sensorimotor stages

A
  • Reflexive (Birth to 1M)
  • Primary circular reactions (1-4M)
  • Secondary circular reactions (4-8M)
  • Coordination of secondary (9-12M)
24
Q 
Piaget
Reflexive stage (cognitive development)
A

birth to 1M
Repetitious use of reflexes establishing pattern of experiences
Totally narcissistic (self-centered) being

25
Q 
Piaget
Reflexive stage (behavior)
A 
birth to 1M
Mostly reflective (e.g., sucking, swallowing, rooting, grasping, crying)
Little or no tolerance for frustration of delayed gratification
26
Q

Piaget

Primary circular reactions (cognitive development)

A

1-4M
Use of reflexes gradually replaced by voluntary activity
Recognition of causality occurring when repetition of events causes one stimulus to produce consistent response
Beginning notion of temporal space of time as infant realizes progression of orderly sequence of events
Beginning separation of self from others
Learns from type of interaction between objects or individual rather than from object itself
Engages in activity for pleasure of the activity more than for its results

27
Q

Piaget

Primary circular reactions (behavior)

A

1-4M
Recognizes familiar faces and objects (e.g., bottle)
Shows anticipation before feeding
Shows awareness of strange surroundings, indicating memory
Discovers parts of own body—plays with hands, fingers, feet
Becomes bored when left alone
Shows no separation anxiety unless caregiver’s skill differs from usual routine

28
Q

Piaget

secondary circular reactions (cognitive development)

A

4-8M

  • Intentional activity replaces repetitious activity that did not produce desired result
  • Beginning of object permanence when object is beyond perceptual range
  • Progressive idea of time; awareness of before and after in sequence of events
  • Able to imitate selective activity from several events
  • Further separation of self from environment
  • Idea of quality and quantity
  • Beginning recognition of symbols as type of communication
29
Q

Piaget

secondary circular reactions (behavior)

A

4-8M

  • Secures objects by pulling on string
  • Searches for objects that have fallen
  • Shows separation anxiety
  • Able to tolerate some frustration and delayed gratification
  • Imitates sounds and simple gestures
  • Shows interest in mirror image
  • Beginning independence in self-feeding
  • Shows displeasure if activity is inhibited
  • Language development; attracts attention by methods other than crying
  • Realizes that parents are present even if not in visual field
30
Q

Piaget

coordination of secondary schemas (cognitive dev.)

A

9-12M
Concept of object permanence advancing; beginning of intellectual reasoning
Associates symbols with events, but classification is based on own experience
Distinguishes objects from related activity and perceives them as objects
Distinguishes end products from their means; attempts to remove barriers to achieve the end

31
Q

Piaget

coordination of secondary schemas (behavior)

A

9-12M

  • Actively searches for hidden object
  • Comprehends meanings of words and simple commands
  • Know that gestures (e.g., bye-bye, kiss) have certain meanings
  • Is able to put objects in container
  • Works to get toy that is out of reach
  • Ventures away from parent to explore surroundings
32
Q

Infant social development

A

1 week - show preference for human face
6-8 weeks - social smile
3M - show excitement at new things
6M - personable & interactive
7M - imitate actions & noises, shows displeasure
8M - imitate sounds
10M - playing games like pat a cake & peekaboo
9-10M - understand simple commands and “no”
12M - very interactive, show pleasure & displeasure, do some things themselves

33
Q

stranger fear occurs at what age

A

6-7M

become leary of people they don’t know
testament of bonding with parent

34
Q

separation anxiety, what age

A

9-10M

35
Q

infants have no concept of ….

A

bodily harm

don’t have to hide IVs, injections

36
Q

infant sensory development

A

hearing and touch well developed at birth
sight not fully developed until 6 yrs
2M - smiles, searches and turns head to locate sounds
6M - taste preferences
7M - responds to own name
12M - able to follow objects, can vocalize 4 words

Peds (2 decks)

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