Infant Formula Flashcards
What is the preferred choice of enteral nutrition for infants, including premature and sick newborns?
human milk
What are the benefits of human milk?
Primary benefits of human milk: Immunity protection Increased tolerance Decreased chance of NEC Increased neurological development Better nutrient absorption (i.e. calcium) (also beneficial to mom!!)
what are the contraindications for human milk?
- genetic reason: Primary lactase deficiency, galactosemia, or an inborn error of metabolism
- Mothers with HIV
- Mothers who illicitly use drugs
If mom is lactose intolerant, will it affect baby?
No
What are the main categories of formula
Term Infant Formulas
Preterm Infant Formulas
Transitional or Discharge Infant Formulas
Other (see notes)
what regulates infant formula?
infant formula act
What are the three forms that infant formula comes in?
- ready to feed
- concentrate
- powder
What is the recommended breakdown of fat, protein, and carbs for formula?
30% - 55% kcals from fat
7% - 16% kcals from protein
35% - 65% kcals from carbohydrate
Describe Term Infant Formula
- Standard is 20 kcal/oz
- Available as powder or ready-to-feed
- Contains whole proteins from milk
- Lactose a primary source of carbohydrate
- Most of fat is from LCT
- Use for:
Most infants born at term (>37 weeks gestation)
What are some examples of Term Infant Formula?
Similac Advance
Enfamil Premium Newborn
Describe Premie Formula:
- Standard is 24 kcal/oz, but may give as 20, 24, 27, 30 kcal/oz
- Comes as ready-to-feed only
(Not commercially available–> get in NICU ONLY) - Very dense in calories, protein, and micronutrients
- Premature infant formulas are designed for easy digestion
-Higher percentage of MCT oil (~40%)
-Main carbohydrates are easy to break down; contains less lactose
5.Higher amount of whey protein compared to casein protein
6.Use for:
-Premature infants weighing less than 1800 grams at birth or with suboptimal growth
-Monitor weight and daily intake
-Premature infants cannot go home on this formula
What are some examples of premie formula?
Similac Special Care (SCF)
Enfamil Premature High Protein (HP)
What are transitional or discharge formulas?
it is the formula that a premie is sent home taking
Describe transitional formula
- Standard is 22 kcal/oz
- Available as powder or ready-to-feed
- Nutrient composition is higher than term formula, but less than premature infant formula
- Contains higher MCT oil than term, but less than premature formulas (20-25%)
- Contains both lactose and easy-to-breakdown carbohydrate - Use for:
- Infants born prematurely, and weighing at least 1800 grams
- Infants my benefit from this formula for 9 months of life, though may take until one year of age
- Better bone mineralization
How long should an infant take transitional formula?
AT LEAST 9 MONTHS REGARDLESS OF PROGRESS!!
What are some examples of transitional formula?
Similac NeoSure
Enfamil Enfacare
What are soy formulas?
They are formulas that have their protein source is soy protein isolate
It is Lactose-free
describe soy proteins and their use:
- Standard is 20 kcal/oz
- Available as powder and ready-to-feed
- Only indicated for infants with galactosemia or documented lactase-deficiency
- Over-used for infants with “intolerance”
- Not to be used for premature infants
What are some examples of soy formula?
Similac Isomil
Enfamil Prosobee
what are semi-elemental formulas?
- Standard is 20 kcal/oz
- Available as powder or ready-to-feed
- Contains protein hydrolysates
- Lactose-free, may be sucrose-free
- Higher percentage of fat as MCT oil (35-55%)
- Contains more of certain vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes than term baby formula
When should semi-elemental formulas be used?
-Use for infants: Suffering or recovering from GI disorders With intolerance to cow’s milk protein With malabsorption Pregestimil for fat malabsorption
What are elemental formulas?
- Standard is 20 kcal/oz
- Available as powder only
- 100% amino acids
- Lactose-free, sucrose-free
- Higher percentage of fat as MCT oil (35%)
- Contains more of certain vitamin, minerals and electrolytes than term baby formula
What are the uses for elemental formula
Use for infants:
Suffering or recovering from GI disorders
Severe intolerance to intact or partially hydrolyzed proteins
Enterally fed infants with minimal small bowel
Describe Renal formulas:
Standard is 20 kcal/oz
Has a modified nutrient content (ie. Less calcium/phosphorus)
Closer in nutrient content to a term formula
Similac PM 60/40
What will you use for infants for chylous ascites?
High in MCT Oil (Enfamil Enfaport)
Standard is 30 kcal/oz
Comes as ready-to-feed only
Most fat is from medium chain triglycerides (~85%)
Contains a higher amount of nutrients if fluid restriction is needed
What is metabolic formula?
Adjusted amounts of amino acids or carbohydrates
What will you use thickened formula?
- Thicker viscosity for “spitty” babies, with appropriate ratio of protein-fat-carbohydrate
- Closer in nutrient content to a term formula
- Primary carbohydrate source is rice starch
What does “For diarrhea” formula contain?
soy proteins and fiber
What does sensitive/gentle formula contain?
Often contains less or no lactose
Partially-hydrolyzed proteins
What formula supports that infants have less atopic dermatitis?
100% whey formula
