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MED: Nutrition/GI > Infant Formula > Flashcards

Infant Formula Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred choice of enteral nutrition for infants, including premature and sick newborns?

A

human milk

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2
Q

What are the benefits of human milk?

A 
Primary benefits of human milk:
Immunity protection
Increased tolerance
Decreased chance of NEC
Increased neurological development
Better nutrient absorption (i.e. calcium)
(also beneficial to mom!!)
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3
Q

what are the contraindications for human milk?

A
  1. genetic reason: Primary lactase deficiency, galactosemia, or an inborn error of metabolism
  2. Mothers with HIV
  3. Mothers who illicitly use drugs
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4
Q

If mom is lactose intolerant, will it affect baby?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the main categories of formula

A

Term Infant Formulas
Preterm Infant Formulas
Transitional or Discharge Infant Formulas
Other (see notes)

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6
Q

what regulates infant formula?

A

infant formula act

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7
Q

What are the three forms that infant formula comes in?

A
  1. ready to feed
  2. concentrate
  3. powder
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8
Q

What is the recommended breakdown of fat, protein, and carbs for formula?

A

30% - 55% kcals from fat
7% - 16% kcals from protein
35% - 65% kcals from carbohydrate

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9
Q

Describe Term Infant Formula

A
  1. Standard is 20 kcal/oz
  2. Available as powder or ready-to-feed
  3. Contains whole proteins from milk
  4. Lactose a primary source of carbohydrate
  5. Most of fat is from LCT
  6. Use for:
    Most infants born at term (>37 weeks gestation)
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10
Q

What are some examples of Term Infant Formula?

A

Similac Advance

Enfamil Premium Newborn

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11
Q

Describe Premie Formula:

A
  1. Standard is 24 kcal/oz, but may give as 20, 24, 27, 30 kcal/oz
  2. Comes as ready-to-feed only
    (Not commercially available–> get in NICU ONLY)
  3. Very dense in calories, protein, and micronutrients
  4. Premature infant formulas are designed for easy digestion
    -Higher percentage of MCT oil (~40%)
    -Main carbohydrates are easy to break down; contains less lactose
    5.Higher amount of whey protein compared to casein protein
    6.Use for:
    -Premature infants weighing less than 1800 grams at birth or with suboptimal growth
    -Monitor weight and daily intake
    -Premature infants cannot go home on this formula
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12
Q

What are some examples of premie formula?

A

Similac Special Care (SCF)

Enfamil Premature High Protein (HP)

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13
Q

What are transitional or discharge formulas?

A

it is the formula that a premie is sent home taking

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14
Q

Describe transitional formula

A
  1. Standard is 22 kcal/oz
  2. Available as powder or ready-to-feed
  3. Nutrient composition is higher than term formula, but less than premature infant formula
    - Contains higher MCT oil than term, but less than premature formulas (20-25%)
    - Contains both lactose and easy-to-breakdown carbohydrate
  4. Use for:
    - Infants born prematurely, and weighing at least 1800 grams
    - Infants my benefit from this formula for 9 months of life, though may take until one year of age
    - Better bone mineralization
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15
Q

How long should an infant take transitional formula?

A

AT LEAST 9 MONTHS REGARDLESS OF PROGRESS!!

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16
Q

What are some examples of transitional formula?

A

Similac NeoSure

Enfamil Enfacare

17
Q

What are soy formulas?

A

They are formulas that have their protein source is soy protein isolate
It is Lactose-free

18
Q

describe soy proteins and their use:

A
  • Standard is 20 kcal/oz
  • Available as powder and ready-to-feed
  • Only indicated for infants with galactosemia or documented lactase-deficiency
  • Over-used for infants with “intolerance”
  • Not to be used for premature infants
19
Q

What are some examples of soy formula?

A

Similac Isomil

Enfamil Prosobee

20
Q

what are semi-elemental formulas?

A
  • Standard is 20 kcal/oz
  • Available as powder or ready-to-feed
  • Contains protein hydrolysates
  • Lactose-free, may be sucrose-free
  • Higher percentage of fat as MCT oil (35-55%)
  • Contains more of certain vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes than term baby formula
21
Q

When should semi-elemental formulas be used?

A 
-Use for infants:
Suffering or recovering from GI disorders
With intolerance to cow’s milk protein
With malabsorption
Pregestimil for fat malabsorption
22
Q

What are elemental formulas?

A
  • Standard is 20 kcal/oz
  • Available as powder only
  • 100% amino acids
  • Lactose-free, sucrose-free
  • Higher percentage of fat as MCT oil (35%)
  • Contains more of certain vitamin, minerals and electrolytes than term baby formula
23
Q

What are the uses for elemental formula

A

Use for infants:
Suffering or recovering from GI disorders
Severe intolerance to intact or partially hydrolyzed proteins
Enterally fed infants with minimal small bowel

24
Q

Describe Renal formulas:

A

Standard is 20 kcal/oz
Has a modified nutrient content (ie. Less calcium/phosphorus)
Closer in nutrient content to a term formula

Similac PM 60/40

25
Q

What will you use for infants for chylous ascites?

A

High in MCT Oil (Enfamil Enfaport)

Standard is 30 kcal/oz
Comes as ready-to-feed only
Most fat is from medium chain triglycerides (~85%)
Contains a higher amount of nutrients if fluid restriction is needed

26
Q

What is metabolic formula?

A

Adjusted amounts of amino acids or carbohydrates

27
Q

What will you use thickened formula?

A
  • Thicker viscosity for “spitty” babies, with appropriate ratio of protein-fat-carbohydrate
  • Closer in nutrient content to a term formula
  • Primary carbohydrate source is rice starch
28
Q

What does “For diarrhea” formula contain?

A

soy proteins and fiber

29
Q

What does sensitive/gentle formula contain?

A

Often contains less or no lactose

Partially-hydrolyzed proteins

30
Q

What formula supports that infants have less atopic dermatitis?

A

100% whey formula

MED: Nutrition/GI (8 decks)

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