Infant Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

What leads growth at each stage?

A
Infants = Nutrition
Children = GH
Pubertal = Sex Steroids
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2
Q

How much weight should a child gain each week in the 1st yr?

A

up to 3 month = 200g/week
3-6months = 150g/wk
6-9months = 100g/wk
9-12months = 50-75g/wk

Doubles in 6 months, triples in 1yr and gains 2kg/yr till puberty

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3
Q

How much calories and protein do infants need?

A

100Kcal & 2g protein /kg/day

Vs only 35Kcl & 1g Protein in adults

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4
Q

What are the advantages of breast milk?

A
  • Less allergenic
  • Low renal solute load
  • Perfect nutrition
  • Improves cognitive development
  • Reduces infection
  • Promotes active immunity
  • Promotes development of gut microbiota
  • Suckling promotes bonding
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5
Q

Pros and cons of formula?

A
  • Doesn’t need mum
  • Accurate feed volumes
  • Provides Vit K
  • No jaundice
  • No risk of BBV or drug transmission

No anti-infection
Contamination
Expensive
High antigen load

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6
Q

What are the 10 steps of the UNICEF “baby friendly” policy?

A

1) Written breast feeding policy
2) Trainn all staff to implement it
3) Inform pregnant women on benefits of breastfeeding
4) Help mums start breastfeeding within 1/2hr of birth
5) Show mum how to breastfeed and maintain lactation
6) Give infant no food/drink other than breastmilk
7) Practice Rooming-in
8) Encourage breast feeding on-demand
9) Give no teats or dummies
10) Foster breast-feeding support groups and refer new mums

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7
Q

What would a kid with a Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) look like?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Abdo pain/distension
  • Eczema

Its a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (So non-IgE)

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8
Q

How do you identify a CMPA?

A

4wk trial exclusion by either using a special formula or a milk-free diet for mum
Then re-introduce at 4wks to be sure

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9
Q

How long does it take kids to outgrow a CMPA?

A

~6months
So re-challenge after 6 months

Can promote earlier tolerance by building up the “milk ladder” (As not all forms of milk are equally allergenic), starting with cookings

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10
Q

What formula would you give a child with CMPA?

A

Extensively Hydrolysed Protein Feeds e.g. Nutramigen LGG Lipil 1 or 2

If that fails use an Amino Acid Based Feed

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11
Q

What is Lactose Intolerance?

A

A deficiency in lactase, not an allergy.

It’s usually transient following gastro-enteritis and will self-resolve

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12
Q

We don’t like to use soya milks (esp in <6months) because of high Phytoestrogens, also they are cross-reactive with cow’s milk.
When would we use a Soya Milk formula?

A
  • Milk allergy & Hydrolysed formulae are refused
  • Vegan
  • Still avoiding cow’s milk >1yr
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13
Q

What kind of feed would we give to a child who’s suffered from some illness e.g. cardiac baby and needs to catch up?

A

Nutrient Dense Formula

E.g. SMA high energy

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14
Q

What kind of feed do we give pre-term babies?

A

Pre-term Formulae!

They have higher protein and cal

E.g. SMA Gold Prem

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15
Q

At what age can Cow’s milk replace formulae as the child’s main drink?

A

Atleast 1 yr old.
If it’s earlier they won’t be getting nutrients from other foods and cow’s milk contains no iron so they get SUPER anaemic

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16
Q

When would we give an infant calcium supplements?

A

If they are taking <500ml of formula

As they require ~500ml of Ca Fortified “Milk” to meet Ca requirments

17
Q

When do you start weaning?

A

~6months

Start with smooth purees –> lumps & finger foods
Cup from 7 months

18
Q

What kids should receive a Vit D supplement?

A

Breast-fed >1month old
Bottle Fed taking <500ml
All kids 1-4yrs old