Infant Disorders

Question 1

CL occurs in

Answer 1

1 in 700 births

Question 2

CL is a str or fx prob

Answer 2

str

Question 3

What problem occurs embryonically in CL? When does this occur?

Answer 3

maxillary and nasal sinuses do not fuse

Week 5-8 gestation

Question 4

CL: uni or bilateral?

Answer 4

Either

Question 5

What teratogens play a role in CL? Examples of positive/negative?

Answer 5

Positive: smoking, viral infections
Negative: folic acid deficiency

Question 6

Why does CL usually occur w CP?

Answer 6

The teratogen present in week 5-8 for CL usually has not gone away by week 9-12 for CP

Question 7

How often does CP occur?

Answer 7

1 in 2000

Question 8

Brief description of CP

Answer 8

congenital, incomplete fusion of palatine structures at week 9-12

Question 9

What is the strongest Et factor in CP?

Answer 9

smoking during pregnancy

Question 10

How often does pyloric stenosis occur?

Answer 10

1 in 1000

Question 11

Is pyloric stenosis congenital/genetic?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Is pyloric stenosis a structural or functional problem?

Answer 12

functional

Question 13

Why is there constriction of the pyloric spinster in pyloric stenosis?

Answer 13

Hypertophy

Question 14

Et of pyloric stenosis

Answer 14

hypergastrinemia, PGE, erythromycin exposure

Question 15

PGE is…

Answer 15

a local hormone

Question 16

When does pyloric stenosis occur?

Answer 16

2-8 weeks of AGE

Question 17

How does obstruction occur in pyloric stenosis

Answer 17

hypertrophy of sphincter = constriction = inflammation/exudate formation = obstruction

Question 18

manifestation of PS?

Answer 18

projectile vomiting

Question 19

What are 2 complications of PS?

Answer 19

dehydration, malnourishment

Question 20

Diagnostic confirmation of PS?

Answer 20

URQ palpation = mass felt

Question 21

How do we treat PS?

Answer 21

sx to debulk muscle

Question 22

What kind of problem is gastroesophageal reflux?

Answer 22

functional and neuro prob

Question 23

How often does gastroesophageal reflux occur in infants? When does it subside?

Answer 23

50%. After 3 months

Question 24

Et of gastroesophageal reflux?

Answer 24

neuromuscular

Question 25

Why do growth problems occur in gastroesophageal reflux?

Answer 25

pain during feeding, so baby doesn’t want to feed

Question 26

tx for gastroesophageal reflux?

Answer 26

H2RA, antacids, PPI, modify feeding (positioning, smaller feeds, thickened), fundoplication

Question 27

Et of Hirschsprung Disease?

Answer 27

RET gene on Chr 10 = codes for proteins involved in cell signalling, helps in formation of neural tissue in colon

Question 28

Patho of Hirschsprung Disease

Answer 28

areas of colon lack PS ganglia = no peristalsis in that area = accumulation of contents = colon distension = abdominal distention

Question 29

How do we treat Hirschsprung Disease

Answer 29

sx removal of aganglionic segment

Question 30

How often does intussusception occur?

Answer 30

1 in 4000

Question 31

What happens in intussusception?

Answer 31

Intestines invaginate into adjoining valve

Question 32

What adjoining valve do intestines usually invaginate into in intussusception?

Answer 32

Ileocecal valve

Question 33

Why does this invagination occur?

Answer 33

Region of smaller diameter is pushed into one with a larger diameter due to pressure build up

Question 34

How do we treat intussusception?

Answer 34

hydrostatic reduction