Infant Disorders Flashcards
CL occurs in
1 in 700 births
CL is a str or fx prob
str
What problem occurs embryonically in CL? When does this occur?
maxillary and nasal sinuses do not fuse
Week 5-8 gestation
CL: uni or bilateral?
Either
What teratogens play a role in CL? Examples of positive/negative?
Positive: smoking, viral infections
Negative: folic acid deficiency
Why does CL usually occur w CP?
The teratogen present in week 5-8 for CL usually has not gone away by week 9-12 for CP
How often does CP occur?
1 in 2000
Brief description of CP
congenital, incomplete fusion of palatine structures at week 9-12
What is the strongest Et factor in CP?
smoking during pregnancy
How often does pyloric stenosis occur?
1 in 1000
Is pyloric stenosis congenital/genetic?
No
Is pyloric stenosis a structural or functional problem?
functional
Why is there constriction of the pyloric spinster in pyloric stenosis?
Hypertophy
Et of pyloric stenosis
hypergastrinemia, PGE, erythromycin exposure
PGE is…
a local hormone
When does pyloric stenosis occur?
2-8 weeks of AGE
How does obstruction occur in pyloric stenosis
hypertrophy of sphincter = constriction = inflammation/exudate formation = obstruction
manifestation of PS?
projectile vomiting
What are 2 complications of PS?
dehydration, malnourishment
Diagnostic confirmation of PS?
URQ palpation = mass felt
How do we treat PS?
sx to debulk muscle
What kind of problem is gastroesophageal reflux?
functional and neuro prob
How often does gastroesophageal reflux occur in infants? When does it subside?
50%. After 3 months
Et of gastroesophageal reflux?
neuromuscular
Why do growth problems occur in gastroesophageal reflux?
pain during feeding, so baby doesn’t want to feed
tx for gastroesophageal reflux?
H2RA, antacids, PPI, modify feeding (positioning, smaller feeds, thickened), fundoplication
Et of Hirschsprung Disease?
RET gene on Chr 10 = codes for proteins involved in cell signalling, helps in formation of neural tissue in colon
Patho of Hirschsprung Disease
areas of colon lack PS ganglia = no peristalsis in that area = accumulation of contents = colon distension = abdominal distention
How do we treat Hirschsprung Disease
sx removal of aganglionic segment
How often does intussusception occur?
1 in 4000
What happens in intussusception?
Intestines invaginate into adjoining valve
What adjoining valve do intestines usually invaginate into in intussusception?
Ileocecal valve
Why does this invagination occur?
Region of smaller diameter is pushed into one with a larger diameter due to pressure build up
How do we treat intussusception?
hydrostatic reduction
