👧🏾- Infant Development

Question 1

Sensorimotor (Piaget)

Answer 1

( birth to 2 years old )

Progress from reflex activity through simple repetitive behaviors to imitative behavior

Develop sense of cause and effect ; problem splicing by trial and error

Become aware of object permanence

Question 2

Oral stage (Freud)

Answer 2

(Birth to 1 year old)

Major source of pleasure seeking is centered in oral activities, such as sucking, biting, chewing and vocalizing

Question 3

4 months old fine motor skills

Answer 3

• inspects and plays with hands; pulls clothing or blanket over face in play
• grasps object with both hands
• palmer hang grasp

Question 4

5 months old fine motor skills

Answer 4

• able to grasp objects voluntarily

- takes objects directly to mouth

Question 5

6 months old fine motor skills

Answer 5

-holds bottle

Question 6

7 months old fine motor skills

Answer 6

-transfers objects from one hand to the other

Question 7

8 months fine motor skills

Answer 7

• retains 2 cubes

- reaches for toys

Question 8

9 months old fine motor skills

Answer 8

-uses thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp

Question 9

12 months fine motor skills

Answer 9

-attempts to build two-block tower

Question 10

4 months old gross motor skills

Answer 10

-gains head control ; has almost no head lag when pulled to sitting position

Question 11

5 months old gross motor skills

Answer 11

-can turn over from abdomen to back

Question 12

6 months old gross motor skills

Answer 12

-rolls from back to abdomen

Question 13

7 months old gross motor skills

Answer 13

• sits, leaning forward on both hands

- bears full weight on feet

Question 14

8 months old gross motor skills

Answer 14

-sits steadily unsupported

Question 15

9 months old gross motor skills

Answer 15

• pulls self to standing position and stands holding on to furniture
• creeps on hands and knees

Question 16

11 months old gross motor skills

Answer 16

-cruises or walks holding on to furniture or with both hands held

Question 17

12 months old gross motor skills

Answer 17

-walks with one hand held

Question 18

Separation anxiety vs Stranger fear

Answer 18

Separation anxiety begins to develop between 4 and 8 months old

Stranger fear develops between 6 and 8 months old

Question 19

Landau reflex

Answer 19

When held in a prone position the baby will lift his head and extend his legs

Appears between 6-8 months

Question 20

Parachute reflex

Answer 20

A protective response to falling , when a baby puts their hands out to brace for a fall

Appears at 7-9 months old

Question 21

Name the 4 reflexes that disappear between 3-4 months of age

Answer 21

Rooting
Tonic neck
Moro or startle
Palmar grasp

Question 22

When does the dance or step reflex disappear

Answer 22

Between 3-4 weeks

Question 23

Babinski reflex response

Answer 23

Toes should fan out until the baby starts walking

Toes should flex after starting to walk

Question 24

Top 5 reasons of infant mortality

Answer 24

1 congenital anomalies

2 low birth weight

3 maternal complications

4 SIDS

5 accidents

Question 25

Define newborn vs infancy

Answer 25

Newborn is the first month of life (28 days)

Infancy is the entire first year of life

Question 26

What 3 ways does growth and development occur

Answer 26

1 cephalocaudal (head to toe)

2 proximodistal (near to far)

3 differentiation (simple to complex)

Question 27

Normal ❤️ rates from newborn to 2yrs

Answer 27

Newborn

Awake: 100-180
Sleeping: 80-160

1wk to 3mo

Awake: 100-220
Sleeping: 80-200

3mo to 2yr

Awake: 80-150
Sleeping: 70-120

Question 28

Weight gain during infancy

Answer 28

Birth weight doubled at 6 months

Birth weight tripled by 1 year of age

Question 29

Height change during infancy

Answer 29

Height increases 1 inch per month during the first 6 months

Birth length increases by 50% by 1 year

Question 30

Head circumference during infancy

Answer 30

Increases 2cm per month for first 3 months

1cm per month from 4 to 6 months

0.5cm monthly growth for last 6 months

Question 31

When assessing development and growth always correct for

Answer 31

Prematurity

Greater than 2 weeks ; less than 2 years

Question 32

Thumb sucking/pacifier

Answer 32

Peaks at 18 - 20 months

Occurs most often when hungry or tired

Question 33

Malocclusion

Answer 33

Abnormal alignment of the upper and lower teeth

Question 34

Use of acetaminophen or ibuprofen during teething

Answer 34

Can be given for no more than 3 days

Question 35

Which deciduous teeth are the first to erupt

Answer 35

Lower central incisors , appear at approximately 6 to 10 months

Question 36

Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson)

Answer 36

(Birth to 1 year old)

Corresponds to freud’s oral stage ; time of getting and taking in through all the senses

Mistrust develops when trust-promoting experiences are deficient or lacking or when basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met

The result is faith and optimism