INFANT COMMUNICATION Flashcards
Cognitive Developments
- 6 Months:they use toys to make noise.
- 11 months: recognizes own name when called
- 12 months:uses common objects appropriately
DEVELOPMENT IN RELATED DOMAINS
Infant development milestones in McLaughlin pp. 175-177 lecture notes only on exam.
Cognitive developments
- 1 month: demonstrates regard for caregivers face & near objects
- 3 Months: visually search for sound
- 4 months: Localizes sound sources
Social Developments
- 1 Month: establish eye contact with caregiver
- 3 Months:exhibits selective social smile
- 10 Months: gives toy on request
- 12 Months: exhibits emotions such as sympathy,jealousy,affection
Motor developments
- 2 months: achieves Visual focus
- 3months: reach for or grasps an object
- 5 months: sits up with slight support
- 7 months: crawls & pulls self to stand
By one year of age …
- Babies can point to what they want
- Sheehan(Stanford Child Neurology): if a child is not pointing by her first birthday, we suspect autism
II.GENERAL PRECURSORS TO LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT**
-Ability to engage in reciprocal interactions,routines,and general exchanges with others
- Ability to recognize and attend to environment change.
- Awareness that she can be an agent of change in her environment
As an example of reciprocal interactions..
Talking twin boys official video
Harrison, L.J, Mcleod.(2010). Risk and protective factors associated with speech and language impairments.. Journal or Speech and Hearing Research,53, 508-5029
- Examined 5,000 Australian preschoolers
- Found Best ch had better receptive vocabularies then bottled ch
III.DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES OF INFANT SPEECH**
Birth-4 weeks : vegetative sounds like burps,cries
1-4 Months : Cooing-Vowels that sound like /u/–often accomplish by /k/ and /g/ - type sounds (Velars). Cooing usually happens in pleasurable face-face interactions with caregivers.
III. DEVELOPMENTAL MILES OF INFANT SPEECH**
continued
- 4-6 Months: Marginal babbling. Baby produces vowels-like sounds will simple consonants in cv or vc form
- 6-8 months : Vocal Play : babies do:
- Reduplicated babblin/ma-ma-ma-ma
- Non-reduplicated or variegated /babbling/ /agabidamo/
During Babbling
- The most common sounds are the front and middle sounds
- By 1 Year of age, most American babies use / h,d,b,m,t,g,w,nk/
*E 8-12 months-echolalia
(not like in autism) This is the baby’s relatively immediate reproduction of speech heard in the immediate environment
*9-12 months-jargon
this consists of strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that sound like real speech
INFANT AND CAREGIVER COMMUNICATION:RESEARCH DESIGNS
-In longitudinal research,observe same babies over extended period of time.
in cross sectional research
simultaneously, observe groups of babies who are different ages
in single-subject experimental designs
-get a baseline of baby’s behavior.
-E.g., they often might try to see how often a baby spontaneously
vocalize in a 10-min.time period.
-when no one does anything special
-Then they introduce a variable such as a musical toy, to see if the baby vocalizes more
Prelinguistic Communication
Prelocutionary Stage (0-6 Months
-Caregivers infer messages–impose communication significance on babies’ behaviors such as vocal sounds,cries,and smiles
When babies cry
- they is stimulation of laryngeal and oral functions
- crying alerts caregivers to baby’s needs
- babies begin to understand cause- effect relationships-they cry(cause),and there is an effect(someone comes to meet their needs)
paul & Norbury, 2012
- after 12 weeks of age, there should be a significant decrease in the amount of crying
- between 2-4 months of age,pleasure sounds like “mmmmmm” begin to emerge.
there are 2 different kinds of smiles:
reflexive smiles: result from internal physiological stimuli
they occur primarily during sleep
-social smile occur in responce to another person
in terms of gaze patterns
- very early in life,babies
- like things with sharp contrasts & things that move
- by the end of the second month, babies can maintain eye contact with there caregivers
caregivers establish joint attention with their babies
joint action:shared activity that provides the topic of the caregivers utterances as well as providing the focus of attention.
-joint reference: caregivers utterances & shared attention are focused
on object.
caregivers also engage babies in turn taking activities
Be careful babies will imitate everything
- turn taking: alternation of responses & pauses between participants in the activity.
- foundation of dialogue
- caregivers often play and such as patty cake ,peek-a-boo & so on
thus in the Prelocutionary stage
-Caregivers interpret the babies actions & vocalizations to interaction age basically beyond their controll
illocutionary stage( 6-12 months)
the baby’s behavior is consciously influencing other people to act on some subject or object
HALLIDAY CLASSIFIED COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS OF THIS STAGE:**
Personal -the baby expresses to obtain a particular type of interaction(e.g being picked up)
Interactional-baby is trying to establish
- interactions with others
- (genetic-pay attention to me)
- Instrumental-baby wants someone to help her obtain an object
babies often use
- Phonetically consistent forms
- these are not attempts at real words
- they are reliably associated with certain situations
- For example when, when the family dog comes in,the baby may say “eebye”
Emergent Literacy
- Babies can be introduced to books!
- McLaughlin discuses reading at 5-6 months of age
- i begin on day one :-)
books for babies should
- have bright pictures
- be fairly short
- be indestructible! plastic is good.
- have simple pictures,esp.of common object
- maybe have to feel (e.g.types of animal fur.)
VII. Cultural And Socioeconomic differences
in some cultures (e.g. Japanese) mothers have physical contact with their babies & vocalize less
-American Mothers typically respond more babies pleasure sound,mothers form other cultures respond more to sound distresss
Kung San caregivers in Botswanna are more likely to interact with baby
when she is not focusing on an object
-if a baby is attending to an object,caregivers
to gain their babies attention
- Thai mothers use a falling pitch pattern
- American Mothers often use a rising intonation
in some cultures
Caregivers silent with infants believe that talking with infants is not important
- More focus on physical affection meeting the baby’s physical needs
- the baby may have much more interaction with siblings then with mother(e.G. in Samoan Culture)
in terms of socioeconomics status
- Low ses Mothers use More orders & Commands;
Middle-SES Mothers ask more questions
-Low -SES Parents often talk to their babies much less frequently
-“Why should I talk to him? He can’t talk back to me yet!”
-May also be too tired to do this.
