Infant 7 to 9 Months Flashcards
equilibrium supine 7mo
equilibrium is present
equilibrium sitting 7mo and 8mo
equilibrium is beginning to develop at 7 and is present at 8 months (with sideways protective extension)
equilibrium quadruped 8 and 9 mo
Transitions from sitting to quadruped are faster and easier at 8 months
By 9 months, quadruped is a very secure position speed and control are very refined and they can change direction easily
Describe the use of positional stability in early sitting
7 months—still using LE in positional stability
8 months—no longer dependent on LE stability, pelvic-femoral and trunk muscles sufficient to stabilize posture
9 months—can change between sitting positions
Describe the use of positional stability in early standing
7 months—requires UE support – power to stand comes from UE
8 months—using legs more than arms
Legs are widely abducted for positional stability
9 months—takes full weight in standing but tends to use one hand on furniture to stabilize
Discuss the sequence of early transitions into and out of sitting
At 7 months, they go from sitting to quadruped by vaulting over LE
8 months—uses same transitions as 7 months, just faster, more controlled, and refined
9 months—transitioning from all sitting postures to quadruped
Easily transitions from quadruped to sitting
Begins to work on lowering to sitting from standing instead of “falling”
Discuss the progression of rocking in quadruped
As abdominals and hip extensors become more active, the range of forward rocking will increase, and the baby will begin working on lateral and diagonal movements
Discuss the relationship between rocking and quadruped in arch formation in the hand
Rocking on quadruped helps with development of palmar arches
Forward and backward rocking helps with longitudinal arches
Longitudinal—runs from wrist to fingers
Lateral and diagonal rocking help with the transverse and oblique arches
Transverse—concavity of the wrist
Oblique—formed when thumb opposes fingers
Describe a plantigrade (bear stance) posture and importance to later motor skill development of walking
Plantigrade—walking on hands and feet
Helps to elongate the hamstrings
Precursor to standing
Discuss early creeping in the 7-month old and distinguish between homolateral and diagonal reciprocal patterns of creeping
Requires the ability to life the trunk from the floor while weight bearing and weight shifting on extended arms with flexed hips
May start as homolateral (same arm and leg at same time); Then progress to diagonal reciprocal pattern
Simultaneous movement of contralateral upper and lower extremities requires diagonal synergistic control of the trunk muscles and counter rotation of the spine
ring sitting
(8 and 9 months) – most stable sitting, used when engaged in fine motor tasks
long sitting
(8 and 9 months)– adduction and full extension of the knees (elongated hamstrings).
side sitting
(8 and 9 months)– one leg is ER and one leg IR, this creates a weight shift and is a hard position to maintain; good for trunk control
This position allows for an easy transition into quadruped
W sitting
(9 months)– sitting with both legs out in internal rotation. It provides a very wide BOS, but should not be encouraged because it can lead to knocked knees on standing and walking & poorly developed hip and trunk control.
Describe cruising and the progression from side to side, semi-turned, to forward rotated cruising
Cruising begins in a side-to-side pattern (in the coronal/frontal plane) with maximum support needed.
Increased control of hip abductors and adductors enables smoother lateral weight shifts and closer alignment of the legs.- developing eccentric control needed for lateral weight shift in standing
Increased trunk control allows for rotation noted in progression to semi-turned and finally turned cruising.
Side to side is most common at 9 months.
