Infancy visit Flashcards
How many wet diapers should a baby have in 24 hrs?
6-8
What is the normal consistency of a baby’s stools if they’re breastfeeding?
loose
identifies a dislocated hip that can be reduced
ortolani test
identifies a loose hip that can be pushed out of the socket with gentle pressure
barlow test
performed by adducting the hip (bringing the thigh towards the midline) while applying light pressure on the knee, directing the force posteriorly. If the hip is dislocatable the test is positive
barlow test
performed by an examiner flexing the hips and knees of a infant to 90 degrees, then with the examiner’s index fingers placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanters, gently and smoothly abducting the infant’s legs using the examiner’s thumbs. A positive sign is a distinctive ‘clunk’ which can be heard and felt as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum
ortolani’s test
How long should a breastfeeding mother wait to breastfeed if she has consumed alcohol?
2-3 hours because alcohol passes into breast milk.
Recommended substitute for breast milk during first year of life for full term infant if not being breast fed
iron fortified formula
erythematous plaques with greasy-looking, yellowish scales distributed on areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the scalp
seborrheic dermatitis is commonly called “cradle cap”
characterized by severe pruritus that interferes with feeding and sleep. The erythematous, scaly, and crusted lesions. re generally poorly demarcated, and commonly involve the cheeks, scalp, and extensor surfaces of the limbs
atopic dermatitis
Conservative treatment measures for sebhorreic dermatitis
Application of an emollient (white petrolatum, vegetable oil, mineral oil, baby oil) or mild baby shampoo to the scalp to loosen the scales, removal of scales with a soft brush (eg, a soft toothbrush) or fine-tooth comb
Treatment for persistent sebhorreic dermatitis or areas other than the scalp
ketoconazole 2% cream (once a day for one to two weeks) or a low potency topical corticosteroid (eg, hydrocortisone 1% cream once a day) for no longer than one week
When does the cord stump fall off?
10-14 days
What is the appropriate use of sunscreen in infants?
avoid in infants < six months. when adequate clothing and shade are not available, a minimal amount of sunscreen with at least 15 SPF can be applied to the infant’s face and the back of the hands.
When should a follow up visit occur after discharge from hospital?
within 48-72 hrs for vaginal delivery (<48 hr stay)
within one week for csection or stay >96 hrs
Why are Asian newborns at higher risk for hyperbilirubinemia?
In Asians, a common DNA sequence variant causes an amino acid change in the UDP-GT protein, which contributes to the pathophysiology of newborn jaundice
most common cause of persistent tearing and ocular discharge in children
nasal lacrimal duct obstruction (dacrostenosis)
First line of treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (dacrostenosis)
Lacrimal sac massage. performed by applying moderate pressure over the lacrimal sac in a downward direction. Parents are requested to perform this maneuver two to three times per day
inflammation or infection of the lacrimal sac
dacrocystitis
Sx: erythema, swelling, warmth, and/or tenderness of the lacrimal sac. What is tx?
oral clindamycin, or, if more severe, intravenous vancomycin in combination with a third-generation cephalosporin. Managed w/opthalmogist
due to bacterial growth in the stagnant tear pool of the lacrimal sac, is indicated by mucopurulent drainage from the puncta. What is the treatment?
topical antibiotics. Appropriate agents may include topical gentamicin,erythromycin, sulfacetamide, tobramycin, or fluoroquinolones
When are complementary foods introduced to an infant?
around 6 months
Why should the bottle not be propped during feedings?
risk of choking, ear infections, and early childhood caries
How many stools should an infant have per day?
3-4 times when newborn. Breastfed babies who are 6 weeks old and older may have stools as infrequently as every 3 days
