Infancy visit

Question 1

How many wet diapers should a baby have in 24 hrs?

Answer 1

6-8

Question 2

What is the normal consistency of a baby’s stools if they’re breastfeeding?

Answer 2

loose

Question 3

identifies a dislocated hip that can be reduced

Answer 3

ortolani test

Question 4

identifies a loose hip that can be pushed out of the socket with gentle pressure

Answer 4

barlow test

Question 5

performed by adducting the hip (bringing the thigh towards the midline) while applying light pressure on the knee, directing the force posteriorly. If the hip is dislocatable the test is positive

Answer 5

barlow test

Question 6

performed by an examiner flexing the hips and knees of a infant to 90 degrees, then with the examiner’s index fingers placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanters, gently and smoothly abducting the infant’s legs using the examiner’s thumbs. A positive sign is a distinctive ‘clunk’ which can be heard and felt as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum

Answer 6

ortolani’s test

Question 7

How long should a breastfeeding mother wait to breastfeed if she has consumed alcohol?

Answer 7

2-3 hours because alcohol passes into breast milk.

Question 8

Recommended substitute for breast milk during first year of life for full term infant if not being breast fed

Answer 8

iron fortified formula

Question 9

erythematous plaques with greasy-looking, yellowish scales distributed on areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the scalp

Answer 9

seborrheic dermatitis is commonly called “cradle cap”

Question 10

characterized by severe pruritus that interferes with feeding and sleep. The erythematous, scaly, and crusted lesions. re generally poorly demarcated, and commonly involve the cheeks, scalp, and extensor surfaces of the limbs

Answer 10

atopic dermatitis

Question 11

Conservative treatment measures for sebhorreic dermatitis

Answer 11

Application of an emollient (white petrolatum, vegetable oil, mineral oil, baby oil) or mild baby shampoo to the scalp to loosen the scales, removal of scales with a soft brush (eg, a soft toothbrush) or fine-tooth comb

Question 12

Treatment for persistent sebhorreic dermatitis or areas other than the scalp

Answer 12

ketoconazole 2% cream (once a day for one to two weeks) or a low potency topical corticosteroid (eg, hydrocortisone 1% cream once a day) for no longer than one week

Question 13

When does the cord stump fall off?

Answer 13

10-14 days

Question 14

What is the appropriate use of sunscreen in infants?

Answer 14

avoid in infants < six months. when adequate clothing and shade are not available, a minimal amount of sunscreen with at least 15 SPF can be applied to the infant’s face and the back of the hands.

Question 15

When should a follow up visit occur after discharge from hospital?

Answer 15

within 48-72 hrs for vaginal delivery (<48 hr stay)

within one week for csection or stay >96 hrs

Question 16

Why are Asian newborns at higher risk for hyperbilirubinemia?

Answer 16

In Asians, a common DNA sequence variant causes an amino acid change in the UDP-GT protein, which contributes to the pathophysiology of newborn jaundice

Question 17

most common cause of persistent tearing and ocular discharge in children

Answer 17

nasal lacrimal duct obstruction (dacrostenosis)

Question 18

First line of treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (dacrostenosis)

Answer 18

Lacrimal sac massage. performed by applying moderate pressure over the lacrimal sac in a downward direction. Parents are requested to perform this maneuver two to three times per day

Question 19

inflammation or infection of the lacrimal sac

Answer 19

dacrocystitis

Question 20

Sx: erythema, swelling, warmth, and/or tenderness of the lacrimal sac. What is tx?

Answer 20

oral clindamycin, or, if more severe, intravenous vancomycin in combination with a third-generation cephalosporin. Managed w/opthalmogist

Question 21

due to bacterial growth in the stagnant tear pool of the lacrimal sac, is indicated by mucopurulent drainage from the puncta. What is the treatment?

Answer 21

topical antibiotics. Appropriate agents may include topical gentamicin,erythromycin, sulfacetamide, tobramycin, or fluoroquinolones

Question 22

When are complementary foods introduced to an infant?

Answer 22

around 6 months

Question 23

Why should the bottle not be propped during feedings?

Answer 23

risk of choking, ear infections, and early childhood caries

Question 24

How many stools should an infant have per day?

Answer 24

3-4 times when newborn. Breastfed babies who are 6 weeks old and older may have stools as infrequently as every 3 days

Question 25

When should a pacifier be introduced in babies who are breastfeeding?

Answer 25

after 1 month of age

Question 26

Average amount of formula consumed per day in formula fed newborn

Answer 26

20 oz of formula per day with a range of 16 to 24 oz per day. Amount increases with age

Question 27

supplement recommended for breastfed infants beginning between 2 weeks and 2 months.

Answer 27

vitamin D (400 IU)

Question 28

When can you introduce artificial nipples (pacifiers, bottles)?

Answer 28

once breastfeeding is well established ( 4-6 wks)

Question 29

Smoking increases risk for developing which conditions in infant

Answer 29

SIDS, asthma, ear infections, URIs

Question 30

When do newborn reflexes begin to diminish?

Answer 30

2 months

Question 31

usually arises from muscular fibrosis of the SCM. head tilted toward the shortened SCM and the chin rotated to the opposite side. typically develops by two to four weeks of age

Answer 31

torticollis

Question 32

When can cereals be introduced?

Answer 32

4-6 mos