Infancy & Toddlerhood

Question 1

the fusing of input from two eyes to create a perception of an object in depth

Answer 1

Stereopsis

Question 2

___ Stage: the period in which the infant thinks about the world by coordinating sensory information and motor actions

Answer 2

Sensorimotor

Question 3

___ Representations: internalized mental schemes that endure over time, such as images, words, and concepts

Answer 3

Mental

Question 4

___ Equilibrium: for Piaget, the cognitive state in which infants’ mental capabilities allow them to act successfully on the environment or to understand it

Answer 4

Cognitive

Question 5

the process of gradually using and modifying schemes through repetitive interactions with the environment

Answer 5

Adaptation

Question 6

the process of interpreting experience in terms of existing schemes

Answer 6

Assimilation

Question 7

the process of changing existing schemes to fit experience

Answer 7

Accommodations

Question 8

the tendency to link schemes together to form more complex structures within the mind

Answer 8

Organization

Question 9

___-Directed Behavior: where children carry out two schemes in a row to get a desired result

Answer 9

Goal

Question 10

___ Permanence: knowledge that objects continue to exist when not visible

Answer 10

Object

Question 11

_-not-B Search Error: an error that occurs when a child continues to search at location A, where an object was previously located, even when the object was visibly placed at location B

Answer 11

A

Question 12

___ Imitation: when the baby can imitate actions they observed hours or days earlier

Answer 12

Deferred

Question 13

___-of-Expectation Method: a method that involves exposing infants to an event that violates a principle (such as object permanence) and studying their reactions

Answer 13

Violation

Question 14

___ Knowledge Systems: knowledge or capability present early in development that may develop with no or little experience

Answer 14

Core

Question 15

the processing and storage of information into long-term memory

Answer 15

Encoding

Question 16

___ Memory: a form of memory that involves the largely conscious learning of a response or skill

Answer 16

Implicit

Question 17

___ Memory: the form of memory involving conscious, deliberate remembering of events or experiences

Answer 17

Explicit

Question 18

the process of understanding the sounds of adult speech enough to produce them accurately enough for adults to understand them

Answer 18

Phonology

Question 19

perceptually distinct language sounds that distinguish one word from another (for example, b and p distinguish bat and pat)

Answer 19

Phonemes

Question 20

___ Learning: the ability of humans to extract statistical regularities from language or other external stimuli as an aid in learning about the environment

Answer 20

Statistical

Question 21

the production of vocal utterances that combine consonants with vowels

Answer 21

Babbling

Question 22

___ Attention: a situation in which adult attention to an object attracts the infant”s attention to the same object

Answer 22

Joint

Question 23

___ Language: understanding the meanings of words and sentences

Answer 23

Receptive

Question 24

___ Language: producing meaningful words and sentences

Answer 24

Expressive

Question 25

words spoken by children that apply to a broader than normal range of objects (for example, dog to mean cat or an unfamiliar adult male Daddy)

Answer 25

Overextensions