Infancy & Toddlerhood Flashcards
the fusing of input from two eyes to create a perception of an object in depth
Stereopsis
___ Stage: the period in which the infant thinks about the world by coordinating sensory information and motor actions
Sensorimotor
___ Representations: internalized mental schemes that endure over time, such as images, words, and concepts
Mental
___ Equilibrium: for Piaget, the cognitive state in which infants’ mental capabilities allow them to act successfully on the environment or to understand it
Cognitive
the process of gradually using and modifying schemes through repetitive interactions with the environment
Adaptation
the process of interpreting experience in terms of existing schemes
Assimilation
the process of changing existing schemes to fit experience
Accommodations
the tendency to link schemes together to form more complex structures within the mind
Organization
___-Directed Behavior: where children carry out two schemes in a row to get a desired result
Goal
___ Permanence: knowledge that objects continue to exist when not visible
Object
_-not-B Search Error: an error that occurs when a child continues to search at location A, where an object was previously located, even when the object was visibly placed at location B
A
___ Imitation: when the baby can imitate actions they observed hours or days earlier
Deferred
___-of-Expectation Method: a method that involves exposing infants to an event that violates a principle (such as object permanence) and studying their reactions
Violation
___ Knowledge Systems: knowledge or capability present early in development that may develop with no or little experience
Core
the processing and storage of information into long-term memory
Encoding
___ Memory: a form of memory that involves the largely conscious learning of a response or skill
Implicit
___ Memory: the form of memory involving conscious, deliberate remembering of events or experiences
Explicit
the process of understanding the sounds of adult speech enough to produce them accurately enough for adults to understand them
Phonology
perceptually distinct language sounds that distinguish one word from another (for example, b and p distinguish bat and pat)
Phonemes
___ Learning: the ability of humans to extract statistical regularities from language or other external stimuli as an aid in learning about the environment
Statistical
the production of vocal utterances that combine consonants with vowels
Babbling
___ Attention: a situation in which adult attention to an object attracts the infant”s attention to the same object
Joint
___ Language: understanding the meanings of words and sentences
Receptive
___ Language: producing meaningful words and sentences
Expressive
