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Psychology > Infancy And Childhood- Physical And Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Infancy And Childhood- Physical And Cognitive Development Flashcards

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0
Q

Childhood

A

Toddler to adolescent

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1
Q

Infancy

A

Newborn to toddler

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2
Q

Reflexes

A

Inmates involuntary behavior patterns

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3
Q

5 reflexes

A 
Grasping
Startle 
Rooting
Stepping
Sucking
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4
Q

Pruning

A

Unused neural connections are shut down as used neural connections are bolstered
Influenced by experience

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5
Q

Maturation

A

Biological growth processes that enabled orderly changes in behavior
Relatively in influenced by experience

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6
Q

Universal similarities

A

Sequence

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7
Q

Individual differences

A

Timing

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8
Q

Genetic influences

A

Identical twins typically begin sitting up and walking on nearly the same day

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9
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

The inability of people to remember anything that occurred before age three

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10
Q

Dual level processing

A

Conscious recall

Unconscious processing

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11
Q

Conscious recall

A

Basically non existent before age 3.5

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12
Q

Unconscious processing

A

Infants can learn and retain associations when that are just months old

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13
Q

Jean Piagets theory

A

Stage based model of children’s cognitive development

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14
Q

Cognition

A

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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15
Q

Schemas

A

Coco cents or frameworks that organize and interpret information

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16
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas

17
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting ones current understanding (schemes) to incorporate new information

18
Q

Piagets basic theory

A

Children develop a more advanced understanding of their world through experience which usually comes in the form of spurts of change

19
Q

Piagets stages

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Pre-operational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational
20
Q

Sensorimotor stages

A

Infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Birth to about two years

21
Q

Developmental phenomena

A

Object permanence

Stranger anxiety

22
Q

Object perm inane

A

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

23
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display

24
Q

The preoperational stage

A

The stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Two years to about six or seven years

25
Q

Developmental phenomena

A

Animism
Conservation
Egocentrism
Theory of mind

26
Q

Animism

A

He belief that anything that moves is alive

27
Q

Conservation

A

The principles that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Not well development

28
Q

Egocentrism

A

Difficulty taking another’s point of view

29
Q

Theory of mind

A

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states

Not well developed

30
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

The stage during which children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
6 years to 12 years

31
Q

Developmental phenomena

A

Conservation
Concrete concepts
abstract concepts
Mathematical transformations

32
Q

Conservation

A

Is understood by a child in the concrete operational stage

33
Q

Concrete concepts

A

Concepts about objects, written rules, and things that can be sensed physically

34
Q

Abstract concepts

A

Concepts that do not have a concrete, physical reality

Not well developed in this stage

35
Q

Mathematical transformations

A

Are understood by children in this stage

36
Q

Formal operational stage

A

The stage during which people think logically about abstract concepts

37
Q

Developmental phenomena

A

Abstract logic

Mature moral reasoning

38
Q

Abstract logic

A

Understood by people in this stage

39
Q

Mature moral reasoning

A

Potential increases as adolescence understand hypothetical propositions and infer consequences

Psychology (2 decks)

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