Infancy Flashcards
Is the sequence in which earliest growth always occurs at the top - the head - with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom.
Cephalocaudal Pattern
The sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremities.
Ex: infants control the muscle of their tunk and arms before they control their hands and fingers
Proximodistal pattern
In first several days of life, most newborns lose 5 to 7 percent of their weight before they adjust to feeding, sucking, swallowing and digesting.
- they grow rapidly gaining an average of 5 to 6 ounces per week during the first month, doubled their weight by 4 months and tripled it by their first birthday.
- infants grow about 1 inch per month
- Growth slows in the second year of life, doubling their birth length by their first birthday
Height and Weight
One of the most dramatic changes in the brain in the first two years of life. Which increases the connections between neurons.
Dendritic spreading
It speeds the conduction of nerve impulses, and it continues through Infancy and even into adolescence.
Myelination
Has two hemispheres ( left and right)
The Cerebral Cortex
Refers to the specialization of functions in one hemisphere or the other. Early experiences play an important role in brain development.
Lateralization
Are formed early in infants life. Before birth, genes mainly direct neurons to different locations.
-After birth, the inflowing stream of sights, sounds, smell, touches, language, and eye contact helps to shape the brains neural connections, as does stimulation from caregivers and others
Neural connections
Brain development is influenced by a persons environment and experiences, is an increasingly popular perspective.
Neuroconstructivist view
Newborns usually sleep about 18 hours a day. By 6 months, infants approach adult-like sleeping patterns.
Sleep
During which dreaming occurs is present more in early infancy than in childhood and adulthood
REM sleep
A condition that occurs when a sleeping infant suddenly stops breathing and dies without an apparent cause
Sudden Infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Infants need to consume 50 cal. Per day for each pound they weigh.
Nutrition
It is a program that has produced positive benefits in low income families in the united states.
Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC) program
These are automatic movements that govern the newborns behavior. Include sucking,rooting, and mono reflexes. Permanent reflexes include coughing and blinking.
Reflexes
Involve large muscle activities. Key skills developed during infancy include control of posture and walking.
Gross Motor Skills
Involve finely tuned movements. The onset of reaching and grasping marks.
Fine motor skills
Sensation occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors. Perception in the interpretation of sensation
Sensory and Perceptual Development
Created by Gibson, which sates that we directly perceive information that exist in the world around us.
The Ecological View
Researchers have developed a number of methods to assess the infants perception. Including the visual preference method ( which Fantz use to determine young infants preference for looking at patterned over non patterned displays), habituation and dishabituation and tracking.
Visual Perception