INF1520 HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION CH 1

Question 1

< 1450

The Persian astrologer ________ used a device to calculate the
conjunction of planets

Answer 1

Al-kashi

Question 2

1600
The German mathematician ________ developed a tool to perform
simple addition and subtraction.
Blaise Pascal built a simplified replica of ________ device

Answer 2

-WILHELM SCHICKARD
SCHICKARDS

Question 3

1820 – 1870 british Charles Babbage built his ________ to calculate 6th-degree polynomials.
babbage later developed the ____________________ which was the first
calculating device to use punched cards.

Answer 3

-DIFFERENCE ENGINE
-analytical engine

Question 4

Herman Hollerith developed a computational device using punched
cards to calculate census statistics which year?

Answer 4

1887

Question 5

1914
Thomas J Watson joined the ________ Company and built it up to
the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

Answer 5

COMPUTER- TABULATING-RECORDING

Question 6

1943 ________ developed the ________ to break German encryption
techniques. The ______accepted input via a keyboard and produced output via a teleprinter

Answer 6

ALAN TURING
COLOSSUS

Question 7

Vannevar Bush published an article entitled “As we may think” in
Atlantic Monthly introducing his Memex system .Year?

Answer 7

1945

Question 8

1946
The ________ machine, the first all-electronic digital computer, was
produced by JW Mauchly and JP Eckert in the United States

Answer 8

ENIAC MACHINE

Question 9

IBM introduced the FORTRAN high-level programming language.

Answer 9

1957

Question 10

1963 Ivan Sutherland developed the ________ system at the MIT Lincoln
Laboratory. It was the first sophisticated drawing package.

Answer 10

SKETCHPAD

Question 11

1976
Steven Wozniak produced Apple I, based on the ________ Chip.

Answer 11

MOSTEK 6502 CHIP

Question 12

1982
Xerox produced their ________ in which files were represented by icons and were deleted by dragging them over a wastebasket. This marked the advent of the modern desktop.

Answer 12

STAR user INTERFACE

Question 13

-INTERNET
WHO BUILT IT
AMOUNT OF USERS
FIRST LAUNCH

based on history

Answer 13

1962 RAND CORP CONCERNED NUCLEAR HOLOCAST
-SOLUTION ARPRNET TO GROW INTERNET
-1971 23 USERS
-1980 100 USERS
-1990 100K
-1994 1 MIL
-1999 200 MIL
-2002 500 MIL
-2009 1.73 BILLION

Question 14

DEFINE INTERNET vs www

Answer 14

Internet
-HIGHLY CONNECTED NETWORK OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
-hardware

www
-an information system on the internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.
-passing files over remote networks

Question 15

PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE DESIGN

Answer 15

-Computers and computer software are created for people to use.

-They should therefore be designed in a way that Allows the intended user to use them successfully for the intended purpose and with the least amount of effort.

-The designers must know WHY, WHAT,HOW , WHAT KNOWLEDGE OR LACK OF THE USER IF THE SYSTEM NEEDS OR WILL REQUIRE

Question 16

human-computer interaction (HCI)
year
DEFINE
3 areas

Answer 16

-mid-1980s
Studying and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of
computer use
-Computer science, psychology, cognitive science

Question 17

What year did IBM release first PC

Answer 17

1981 on DOS

Question 18

define human

Answer 18

-human is defined to include a range of people, from children to the elderly
- whoever tries to accomplish something using technology

Question 19

the 2 major developments of the internet

Answer 19

email and www

Question 20

Social network vs social media

Answer 20

Social media is a way to transmit, or share information with a broad audience. Everyone has the opportunity to create and distribute. All you really need is an internet connection and you’re off to the races.

On the other hand, social networking is an act of engagement. Groups of people with common interests, or like-minds, associate together on social networking sites and build relationships through community.

Question 21

facebook and twitter

Answer 21

Facebook
-february 2004 mark zuckerberg
-12 and above
-2010 400 mil
-2019 2.32 bil

Twitter
-2006 jack dorsey
140 characters
2010 100 mil
2018 grew each month by 328 mil
largest in the world

Question 22

mobile computing

Answer 22

-great distances using cellular and satleite telephone links
-is a set of it tech .products services strategies and procedures that enable users to gain access to computation device information and related resources while mobile

Question 23

2 ways mobile connects

Answer 23

wifi -uses radia waves to broadcast signal from wireless router to the immediate surrounding area
-cellular broadband tech
-cellular modem or card to connect to cell towers for internet access

Question 24

The following aspects of computer use currently affect HCI:

Answer 24

Distributed systems: The development of innovative user interfaces is increasing access to distributed information sources .eg.web 2.0 to web 3.0

Multimedia interfaces: Text is still the most significant form of interaction with computer systems. However, integrating it into graphical, video and audio information sources poses a problem.

Advanced operating systems: improvement of operating systems such as OS2 and Windows 2010 which allows for much improved manipulation of multimedia documents

HCI development environments: interface development software, users may be able to customise their working environment Apple and windows

Ubiquitous computing (UbiComp): embedded in
everyday objects and have unobtrusively become part of the environment. An example is the computerised control systems found in modern cars ( when your car lights go on when entering a darker area).

Mobile technology: find ways to create user interfaces that fit into the small displays of mobile devices.

Gaming:

Question 25

Future Directions HCI:

Answer 25

Mobile and ubiquitous computing : see current section hci

The changing notion of “the interface” : new ubiquitous computing changes GUI and mouse replaced by tangible interfaces controlled by touch, speech and gesture and input mechanisms using eye movement and brain activity will become more commonplace

Increasing dependency on technology:humans losing skills like mental calculations and memory skills

Hyper connectivity Communication technology:: What will the effect of this be on our social makeup in the long run? how technology affects how we relate to other people

Changes in the means of and reasons for recording information:The increase in recorded information requires improved systems for managing storage and accessing information

Increased creativity through technology: Increasingly, accessible and flexible computing devices can support new ways of playing, learning and creating.

Question 26

3
technical challenges for the next decade:hardware and software diversity

Answer 26

1.Producing satisfying and effective internet interaction on high-speed (broadband) and slower (dial-up and some wireless) connections. Newer technologies need to be
developed to enable pre-fetching or scheduled downloads.

2.Enabling access to web services on large displays (1200x 1600 pixels or larger) and small mobile devices (640 x 480 and smaller) i.e. New software tools to allow website designers to specify their content in a way that enables automatic
conversations for an increasing range of display sizes..

3. Supporting easy maintenance of or automatic conversation to multiple languages. i.e expand their markets

Question 27

Ergonomics

Answer 27

• is the study of work
  -aka human factor
  -design of the “total working environment”

Question 28

human factor (3 areas)

Answer 28

The study of user interfaces in their working context. It addresses the entire person and includes:
-physiology: our physical characteristics such as height and reach
-perception: our ability to sense information by hearing, touching and seeing it
-cognition: the way we process data such as the information we extract from a display

-aka ergonomics or safety-critical applications

Question 29

Usability- International Standards Organisation (ISO)

-ISO standard 9241

Answer 29

-the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use”.
1.Effectiveness: The accuracy and completeness with which specified users can achieve specified goals in particular environments.
2.Efficiency: The resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness of goals achieved.
3.Satisfaction: The comfort and acceptability of the work system to its users and other people affected by its use.

Question 30

User experience

Answer 30

-how people feel about a product.
-How satisfied are they when using it, looking at it or handling it? -overall impression, how good it feels to touch.

-According to Preece, Rogers and Sharp (2019),
you cannot design a user experience; you can only design for user experience.

Question 31

Interaction design

Answer 31

-“Designing interactive products to
support the way people communicate and interact in their every day and working lives”

-4 activities
-identifying & establishing needs
-develop alternate designs
-build prototypes
-evaluate design and user experience

Question 32

Accessibility

Answer 32

-designing products so that people with
disabilities can use them
- Accessibility makes user interfaces perceivable, operable, and
understandable by people with a wide range of abilities, and people in a wide range of circumstances, environments, and conditions.

-Thus accessibility also benefits people without
disabilities, and organizations that develop accessible products”