Inert Tissue Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Ligament
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?
Inert Tissue
- A dense regular connective tissue
- Mostly type 1 collagen, low elastin, few fibroblasts, low proteoglycan content
- Connects bone to bone and protects against excessive movement
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Tendon
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?
Inert Tissue
- Dense regular connective tissue
- Composed of mostly type 1 collagen, low elastin content, few fibroblasts, low proteoglycan content
- Transmits forces from muscle to bone
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Joint Capsule
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?
Inert Tissue
- Dense irregular connective tissue
- Mostly type I collagen
- Enclose synovial joints
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Articular Cartilage
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?
Inert Tissue
- Hyaline - dense connective tissue
- Type-II collagen fibers, high proteglycan content
- Reduces joint friction
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Fibrocartilage
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?
Inert Tissue
- Dense connective
- Type-I and type-II collagen fibers, high proteoglycan content (not as high as articular cartilage)
- Shock absorption and tensile strength
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Bone
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?
Inert Tissue
- Specialized Connective Tissue
-
Compact - closely packed osteons (concentric lamellae of bony matrix perforated by lacunae and canaliculi)
Spongy - irregular bony cavities filled with red marrow - Structural rigidity and attachment sites for muscles
Anatomy & Kinesiology
What are the names of the three regions of the spine, and how many bones are in each region?
Inert Tissue
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Anatomy & Kinesiology
What five joints help articulate the lower cervical spine at each segmental level?
Inert Tissue
- Left Facet Joint
- Right Facet Joint
- Left Uncovertebral Joint
- Right Uncovertebral Joint
- Intervertebral Disc
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Which two bones make up the glenohumeral joint?
Inert Tissue
Scapula and Humerus
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Name the two bones of the forearm from medial to lateral.
Inert Tissue
Ulna and Radius
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Name the bones of the proximal carpal row from medial to lateral.
Inert Tissue
Pisiform, Triquetral, Lunate, Scaphoid
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Name the bones of the distal carpal row from medial to lateral.
Inert Tissue
Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Name the bones of the hand from proximal to distal.
Inert Tissue
Carpal, Metacarpal, Proximal/Middle/Distal Phalanx
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Which two bones make up the acetabular joint?
Inert Tissue
Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis) and Femur
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Name the two joints of the knee involved in knee flexion/extension.
Inert Tissue
Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral
Anatomy & Kinesiology
Name the two bones of the distal leg from medial to lateral.
Inert Tissue
Tibia and Fibula
Anatomy and Kinesiology
Name the bones of the hindfoot from superior to inferior.
Inert Tissue
Talus and Calcaneus
Anatomy and Kinesiology
Which five bones make up the midfoot?
Inert Tissue
Cuboid, Navicular and Medial, Intermediate and Lateral Cuneiforms
Anatomy and Kinesiology
Which bones are the longest in the forefoot?
Inert Tissue
Metatarsals
Anatomy and Kinesiology
Which three carpal bones are part of the radiocarpal joint?
Inert Tissue
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
Anatomy and Kinesiology
How long does it take for the following tissues to heal?
* Bone
* Ligament/tendon/joint capsule
* Articular cartilage
Inert Tissue
- Bone: 6-8 weeks
- Ligament/Tendon/Joint Capsule: 3-6 weeks
- Articular Cartilage: repaired poorly or not at all
Anatomy and Kinesiology
Name the three primary structures that make up the triangular fibrocartilage complex and as many of the secondary structures as you can.
Inert Tissue
- Triangular Fibrocartilage Disc
- Dorsal Radioulnar Ligament
- Plamar Radioulnar Ligament
- Ulnolunate Ligament
- Ulnotriquetral Ligament
- Ulnar Collateral Ligament
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon
Anatomy and Kinesiology
Where does the scaphoid receive its blood supply?
Inert Tissue
Distally, from the radial and anterior interosseous artery. It does not receive much direct blood supply proximal to the scaphoid waist.
Biomechanics
Which ligament arches over the palmar wrist concavity and secondarily can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome? What are its four attachment sites?
Inert Tissue
Transverse Carpal Ligament
1. Pisiform
2. Hook of Hamate
3. Scaphoid Tubercle
4. Trapezium Tubercle
Biomechanics
The femoral head projects ____ and slightly ____ for its articulation with acetabulum.
Inert Tissue
- Medially
- Anteriorly
Biomechanics
Coxa vara describes an angle of inclination ____ than 125°.
Coxa valga describes an angle of inclination ____ than 125°.
Inert Tissue
- Less
- Greater
Biomechanics
Normally, the femoral neck projects about ____° anterior to the mediolateral axis through femoral condyles. What is this called?
Inert Tissue
8-15°
Anteversion
Biomechanics
What is the center-edge angle of the hip? What is a normative value for this measurement?
Inert Tissue
A line drawn between the center of the femoral head and the superior lip of the acetabulum. A normative range is 25-40 degrees with an average of 31degrees.
Biomechanics
Where does the ligamentum flavum attach and what does it limit?
Inert Tissue
The ligament flavum arises from the lower half of the anterior surface of the lamina above and attaches to the posterior surface and upper margin of the lamina below. It limits spinal flexion.
Biomechanics
Where do the supraspinous and interspinous attach and what do they limit?
Inert Tissue
The ligaments run between adjacent spinous processes. They limit spinal flexion.
Biomechanics
What are three functions of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?
Inert Tissue
- Limits extension or excessive lordosis in cervical and lumbar regions.
- Reinforces anterior sides of IVDs
- Provides Proprioceptive Input
Biomechanics
What three joints make up the pelvic ring?
Inert Tissue
- Left Sacroiliac Joint
- Right Sacroiliac Joint
- Pubic Symphysis
Biomechanics
List the two major components of intervertebral discs and the structure that bounds them superiorly and inferiorly.
Inert Tissue
- Nucleus Pulposus
- Annulus
- End Plates
Biomechanics
What are the attachments and functions of the medial collateral ligament of the knee?
Inert Tissue
Medial Femoral Epicondyle to the Medial Condyle of the Tibia
- Resists valgus (abduction)
- Resists knee extension
- Resists extremes of axial rotation (especially knee external rotation)
Biomechanics
What are the attachments and functions of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?
Inert Tissue
Lateral Femoral Epicondyle to the Fibular Head
- Resists varus (adduction)
- Resists knee extension
- Resists extremes of axial rotation
Biomechanics
What are the attachments and functions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?
Inert Tissue
Posteromedial lateral femoral condyle to the anteromedial tibial intercondylar area.
- Most fibers resist extension (either excessive anterior translation of tibia, posterior translation of femur, or a combination thereof)
- Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
Biomechanics
What are the attachments and functions of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee?
Inert Tissue
Anterolateral medial femoral condyle to the posterolateral tibial intercondylar area.
- Most fibers resist knee flexion (either excessive posterior translation of tibia or anterior translation of femur, or a combination thereof)
- Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
Biomechanics
What are the three lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?
Inert Tissue
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)
- Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)
- Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)
Biomechanics
The transverse tarsal joint consists of what two distinct articulations? What are their function? What are other names for this joint?
Inert Tissue
- Talonavicular Joint
- Calcaneocuboid Joint
They work cooperatively with the subtalar joint to control most of the pronation and supination posturing of the foot.
Mid-tarsal Joint, Chopart’s Joint
