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MSK - 1 - Anatomy & Kinesiology > Inert Tissue Anatomy > Flashcards

Inert Tissue Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Ligament
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?

Inert Tissue

A
  • A dense regular connective tissue
  • Mostly type 1 collagen, low elastin, few fibroblasts, low proteoglycan content
  • Connects bone to bone and protects against excessive movement
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2
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Tendon
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Dense regular connective tissue
  • Composed of mostly type 1 collagen, low elastin content, few fibroblasts, low proteoglycan content
  • Transmits forces from muscle to bone
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3
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Joint Capsule
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
  • Mostly type I collagen
  • Enclose synovial joints
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4
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Articular Cartilage
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Hyaline - dense connective tissue
  • Type-II collagen fibers, high proteglycan content
  • Reduces joint friction
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5
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Fibrocartilage
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Dense connective
  • Type-I and type-II collagen fibers, high proteoglycan content (not as high as articular cartilage)
  • Shock absorption and tensile strength
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6
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Bone
* Category?
* Composition?
* Function?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Specialized Connective Tissue
  • Compact - closely packed osteons (concentric lamellae of bony matrix perforated by lacunae and canaliculi)
    Spongy - irregular bony cavities filled with red marrow
  • Structural rigidity and attachment sites for muscles
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7
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

What are the names of the three regions of the spine, and how many bones are in each region?

Inert Tissue

A

Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5

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8
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

What five joints help articulate the lower cervical spine at each segmental level?

Inert Tissue

A
  1. Left Facet Joint
  2. Right Facet Joint
  3. Left Uncovertebral Joint
  4. Right Uncovertebral Joint
  5. Intervertebral Disc
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9
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Which two bones make up the glenohumeral joint?

Inert Tissue

A

Scapula and Humerus

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10
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Name the two bones of the forearm from medial to lateral.

Inert Tissue

A

Ulna and Radius

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11
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Name the bones of the proximal carpal row from medial to lateral.

Inert Tissue

A

Pisiform, Triquetral, Lunate, Scaphoid

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12
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Name the bones of the distal carpal row from medial to lateral.

Inert Tissue

A

Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

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13
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Name the bones of the hand from proximal to distal.

Inert Tissue

A

Carpal, Metacarpal, Proximal/Middle/Distal Phalanx

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14
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Which two bones make up the acetabular joint?

Inert Tissue

A

Pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis) and Femur

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15
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Name the two joints of the knee involved in knee flexion/extension.

Inert Tissue

A

Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral

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16
Q

Anatomy & Kinesiology

Name the two bones of the distal leg from medial to lateral.

Inert Tissue

A

Tibia and Fibula

17
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

Name the bones of the hindfoot from superior to inferior.

Inert Tissue

A

Talus and Calcaneus

18
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

Which five bones make up the midfoot?

Inert Tissue

A

Cuboid, Navicular and Medial, Intermediate and Lateral Cuneiforms

19
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

Which bones are the longest in the forefoot?

Inert Tissue

A

Metatarsals

20
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

Which three carpal bones are part of the radiocarpal joint?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
21
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

How long does it take for the following tissues to heal?
* Bone
* Ligament/tendon/joint capsule
* Articular cartilage

Inert Tissue

A
  • Bone: 6-8 weeks
  • Ligament/Tendon/Joint Capsule: 3-6 weeks
  • Articular Cartilage: repaired poorly or not at all
22
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

Name the three primary structures that make up the triangular fibrocartilage complex and as many of the secondary structures as you can.

Inert Tissue

A
  • Triangular Fibrocartilage Disc
  • Dorsal Radioulnar Ligament
  • Plamar Radioulnar Ligament
  • Ulnolunate Ligament
  • Ulnotriquetral Ligament
  • Ulnar Collateral Ligament
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon
23
Q

Anatomy and Kinesiology

Where does the scaphoid receive its blood supply?

Inert Tissue

A

Distally, from the radial and anterior interosseous artery. It does not receive much direct blood supply proximal to the scaphoid waist.

24
Q

Biomechanics

Which ligament arches over the palmar wrist concavity and secondarily can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome? What are its four attachment sites?

Inert Tissue

A

Transverse Carpal Ligament
1. Pisiform
2. Hook of Hamate
3. Scaphoid Tubercle
4. Trapezium Tubercle

25
Q

Biomechanics

The femoral head projects ____ and slightly ____ for its articulation with acetabulum.

Inert Tissue

A
  • Medially
  • Anteriorly
26
Q

Biomechanics

Coxa vara describes an angle of inclination ____ than 125°.

Coxa valga describes an angle of inclination ____ than 125°.

Inert Tissue

A
  • Less
  • Greater
27
Q

Biomechanics

Normally, the femoral neck projects about ____° anterior to the mediolateral axis through femoral condyles. What is this called?

Inert Tissue

A

8-15°
Anteversion

28
Q

Biomechanics

What is the center-edge angle of the hip? What is a normative value for this measurement?

Inert Tissue

A

A line drawn between the center of the femoral head and the superior lip of the acetabulum. A normative range is 25-40 degrees with an average of 31degrees.

29
Q

Biomechanics

Where does the ligamentum flavum attach and what does it limit?

Inert Tissue

A

The ligament flavum arises from the lower half of the anterior surface of the lamina above and attaches to the posterior surface and upper margin of the lamina below. It limits spinal flexion.

30
Q

Biomechanics

Where do the supraspinous and interspinous attach and what do they limit?

Inert Tissue

A

The ligaments run between adjacent spinous processes. They limit spinal flexion.

31
Q

Biomechanics

What are three functions of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?

Inert Tissue

A
  1. Limits extension or excessive lordosis in cervical and lumbar regions.
  2. Reinforces anterior sides of IVDs
  3. Provides Proprioceptive Input
32
Q

Biomechanics

What three joints make up the pelvic ring?

Inert Tissue

A
  1. Left Sacroiliac Joint
  2. Right Sacroiliac Joint
  3. Pubic Symphysis
33
Q

Biomechanics

List the two major components of intervertebral discs and the structure that bounds them superiorly and inferiorly.

Inert Tissue

A
  1. Nucleus Pulposus
  2. Annulus
  • End Plates
34
Q

Biomechanics

What are the attachments and functions of the medial collateral ligament of the knee?

Inert Tissue

A

Medial Femoral Epicondyle to the Medial Condyle of the Tibia

  1. Resists valgus (abduction)
  2. Resists knee extension
  3. Resists extremes of axial rotation (especially knee external rotation)
35
Q

Biomechanics

What are the attachments and functions of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee?

Inert Tissue

A

Lateral Femoral Epicondyle to the Fibular Head

  1. Resists varus (adduction)
  2. Resists knee extension
  3. Resists extremes of axial rotation
36
Q

Biomechanics

What are the attachments and functions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee?

Inert Tissue

A

Posteromedial lateral femoral condyle to the anteromedial tibial intercondylar area.

  1. Most fibers resist extension (either excessive anterior translation of tibia, posterior translation of femur, or a combination thereof)
  2. Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
37
Q

Biomechanics

What are the attachments and functions of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee?

Inert Tissue

A

Anterolateral medial femoral condyle to the posterolateral tibial intercondylar area.

  1. Most fibers resist knee flexion (either excessive posterior translation of tibia or anterior translation of femur, or a combination thereof)
  2. Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
38
Q

Biomechanics

What are the three lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)
  • Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)
  • Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)
39
Q

Biomechanics

The transverse tarsal joint consists of what two distinct articulations? What are their function? What are other names for this joint?

Inert Tissue

A
  • Talonavicular Joint
  • Calcaneocuboid Joint

They work cooperatively with the subtalar joint to control most of the pronation and supination posturing of the foot.

Mid-tarsal Joint, Chopart’s Joint

MSK - 1 - Anatomy & Kinesiology (4 decks)

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