Inequality and Poverty Flashcards

1
Q

What is socio-economic imbalance?

A

situation where people do not have equal access to resources

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2
Q

What is economic inequality?

A

gap in levels of income and wealth between rich and poor

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3
Q

What is wealth?

A

A person’s possessions and savings

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4
Q

What do we call the document that expresses our wishes for our possessions when we die?

A

A will

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5
Q

How does inheritance contribute to economic inequality?

A

Differences in wealth are passed down from one generation to the next

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6
Q

Give reasons for differences in income

A
Education and Training
Sexism
Racism
Personal preferences
Innate ability
Nepotism
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7
Q

What is nepotism?

A

Awarding jobs to people you know or who are related to you

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8
Q

What is innate ability?

A

Special talents and abilities that enable you to earn money

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9
Q

What is social inequality?

A

When different groups of people do not have equal access to resources or rights

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10
Q

What causes social inequality?

A

Discrimination
Restricting people’s opportunities and rights
Prejudice
Social attitudes

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11
Q

Give examples of social inequality

A

Gender inequality
Racial inequality
Age inequality
Inequality on basis of disability

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12
Q

Give some forms of social inequality

A

Limiting right to vote
Restricting freedom of speech
Preventing ownership of property
Restricting access to education, healthcare, housing, transport

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13
Q

What does inequitable mean?

A

Unfair

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14
Q

What is prejudice?

A

negative opinion or judgement of someone without knowledge of facts

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15
Q

What is a social attitude?

A

A way of feeling or thinking in a culture. A form of prejudice which is widely held

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16
Q

How equitable is the distribution of income across races in South Africa?

A

Very unfair
49% of black families are poor
1% of white families are poor

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17
Q

What is infrastructure?

A

The basic physical systems that support economic activity. E.g roads, electricity, water

18
Q

Are all communities equally served by infrastructure?

A

No. As a general rule, poor people have less access

19
Q

What was apartheid?

A

A system of discrimination in which black people were unfairly treated and prevented from participating fully in the economy

20
Q

What does apartheid mean?

A

apartness

21
Q

What were the four race groups under apartheid?

A

Black Asian, White, Coloured, Asian

22
Q

Give some examples of apartheid laws.

A

Land Act - preventing black people from owning land in “White areas”.
Group Areas Act - dictated where people could live
Bantu Authorities Act - created homelands where black people were forced to live
Bantu Education Act - designed a curriculum for black people where they only taught skills required to become workers and labourers

23
Q

What is poverty?

A

to be extremely poor

24
Q

What is exploitation?

A

abuse

25
Q

What is the poverty trap?

A

A cycle of of poverty that is very difficult to escape

26
Q

Name the four parts of the poverty cycle

A
No Money ->
No Education ->
No Skills ->
No Work ->
No Money...
27
Q

What is the obvious way to break the poverty cycle?

A

Education and skills development

When people are educated, they are less available to exploitation

28
Q

What is an urban area?

A

An area where many people live, and which has infrastructure

29
Q

What is a rural area?

A

An area with low population density and little infrastructure

30
Q

What are some socio-economic challenges in the urban areas?

A

High cost of living
Pollution
Influx of People
Traffic congestion

31
Q

What is pollution?

A

Adding harmful waste materials to the water, air and soil

32
Q

What is noise pollution?

A

Noise from traffic, aeroplanes, factories that is distracting and annoying

33
Q

What is traffic congestion?

A

When the roads leading in and out of cities are crowded with vehicles

34
Q

What are some socio-economic challenges in the rural areas?

A

Lack of infrastructure - roads, electricity, etc
Inadequate access to public services - schools, clinics, etc
Lack of employment opportunities

35
Q

What is indigenous knowledge?

A

Local knowledge which is unique to a given culture or society

36
Q

Name some strategies to create sustainable job opportunities.

A

Promoting entrepreneurship and new businesses
Stimulating business development
Encouraging manufacturing
Improving infrastructure

37
Q

How can the government stimulate entrepreneurship?

A

Providing training
Offering advice and support
Making money available to cover start-up costs

38
Q

How can the government stimulate business development?

A

Make money available:

- tax subsidies and loans

39
Q

Why should the government focus on manufacturing for job creation?

A

Manufacturing creates more jobs than service industries - requires more workers

40
Q

Why is infrastructure important for job creation?

A

Businesses struggle without roads, water and electricity