Industry mechanics technologys

Question 1

Mechanisation

Answer 1

The introduction of machines or automatic devices into the manufacturing process of products.

Question 2

Technology

Answer 2

The knowledge derived from problem-solving for making easier human goals and the concrete devices which arrive as a result.

Question 3

mass production

Answer 3

The creation of large amounts of standardised (all of the same type) products in a constant flow, including and especially in factories on assembly lines.

Question 4

Manufacturing

Answer 4

The creation or production of goods, typically with the intention that they be sold for profit.

Question 5

steam locomotive

Answer 5

A vehicle typically set on rails and pulling a train that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of steam power.

Question 6

Internal combustion engine

Answer 6

A heat engine in which the ignition and combustion of a fuel occurs within the engine itslef, usual powered by petrol.

Question 7

Steam power

Answer 7

The use of high-pressure steam to produce energy to power machines. The harnessing of this type of power was invented by Thomas Newcommen and improved by James Watt and others coming after.

Question 8

Electrical power

Answer 8

The supply of electric current to a building for heating, lighting, or operating machinery.

Question 9

Railways

Answer 9

A track made of steel rails along which trains run.

Question 10

Canals

Answer 10

Waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management or for conveyancing water transport vehicles and their cargo, like coal.

Question 11

petroleum

Answer 11

A naturally occurring liquid found beneath the earth’s surface that can be refined into fuel to power vehicles and machinery.

Question 12

Steel

Answer 12

An alloy of iron containing about 0.5% to 2% carbon, which has improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.

Question 13

coal

Answer 13

A sedimentary rock, black in colour and a highly combustible and dense form of fuel. It was used extensively in the Industrial Revolution as a substitute for charcoal.

Question 14

Coke

Answer 14

A purified form of coal attained by removing impurities after heating coal in a low-oxygen environment, much like in the creation of charcoal from wool.

Question 15

water power

Answer 15

The use of falling or fast-running water to produce energy to power machines. This type of power was used extensively in Britain and America just before the emergence of steam power.

Question 16

Cast iron

Answer 16

A type of iron with a high carbon content, leaving it with high compressive strength but low tensile strength, meaning it is brittle.

Question 17

Charcoal

Answer 17

A form of carbon produced by strongly heating wood in minimal oxygen to remove all water and other impurities.

Question 18

Smog

Answer 18

Fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants. This was especially prevalent in cities like London during the Industrial Revolution because of the widespread use of coal in households for heating and cooking.

Question 19

urbanisation

Answer 19

The largescale movement of people from countryside to cities.

Question 20

deforestation

Answer 20

The widespread clearance of stands of trees in woodlands and forests. This occurred in Britain in the leadup to the Industrial Revolution as a consequence of the high demand for charcoal production.

Question 21

Cholera

Answer 21

An extremely serious disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. A severe outbreak of this disease occured in 1854 in London.

Question 22

assembling line manufacturing

Answer 22

A production process that breaks up the manufacture of a product into steps that are completed in a pre-defined and repetitive way.

Question 23

Blast furnace

Answer 23

A site used for smelting on a large scale to produce industrial metals, generally cast iron.

Question 24

slum

Answer 24

A highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty.

Question 25

Manchester

Answer 25

This became the second most important city in Britain during the Industrial Revolution because of the explosion of textile manufacture there, especially that of cotton.