Industry and Socialism in the 19th Century Flashcards
What are Britain’s advanced textiles and resources?
Natural resources - water and wool, made more than they bought, higher quality and lower cost, Exploited India and American labor
Big Picture
Liberalism and Nationalism are powerful but Conservatism is where the real military power is, it is just a series of revolutions that don’t work but the ideas were born and didn’t die, they had to wait until 1918
What was the industry distribution like?
Industry on the continent was on the countryside and there was an increase in the number of steam engines
When industrialism increased what happened to Europe’s population?
The population increased and it was moved to a more capitalist society where people now had to purchase food instead of farm it
Was the West or East more developed?
The West was more developed and the East was more farming based
Which nation had a police force?
None of them
What happens when there is a poor harvest?
Irish potato famine and it causes people to move from the country to the city to look for a job
Railroad Building
People could leave their birthplace earlier and there was a shortage of consumer goods and the middle class suffered. There was more iron and steel needed than wood
The labor force
Rich, poor, men, women, and children. it became very mechanized and they needed less skilled workers and the factories were bigger and less family like. They started to make standard sizes and there were lower wages and lower production costs
Who were the luddites?
People that saw the industry becoming more mechanized and in fear of losing their jobs would sometimes sabotage machines because they were facing unemployment
Proletarianization
People exchanging labor for monetary compensation, lost control in the factory, submission to factory discipline, they had no control over quality, price, or quantity of the product
What is a cottage industry?
Small family owned factories that couldn’t compete with large factories
What effect did Industrialization have on urban artisans?
They were still needed even with factories though they were threatened by organization of production and they couldn’t organize into guilds or labor unions and as time went on they couldn’t compete with large factories
London Working Men’s Association
William Lovet formed it, it was a labor union that issued the charter
The chartist movement and the charter
Skilled artisans joined the peoples charter, the six points are universal male suffrage, annual elections in the house of commons, the secret ballot, equal electoral districts, no property qualifications for members of the house of commons, salaries for the house of commons. Feargus O’Connor made speeches about needing to revolt but in the end it failed because it was split between violent and non-violent. The movement faded because the economy got better but eventually the six acts were enacted into the law.
How was the family structure affected by the industrial era?
It didn’t destroy the structure because the father was still the head of the family and he employed the rest of the family, 1820’s is when it switched and big factories were more common so the kids went to school and wages were lowered. The parental link was broken
The Factory Act of 1833 in Britain said…
That factories couldn’t employ children under the age of 9 and it limited children ages 9-13 to 9 hours of work and said that the factory owner has to provide 2 hours of education each day. This furthered the parental link. After the act parents wanted a shorter work day so in 1847 they got a 10 hour work day and people consumed more.
Women because of the industrial revolution
Women became associated with gender specific roles such as domestic duties - house work, food preparation, and child raising. Men became associated with having to support the family economically. Most common job for a young women - domestic duty
Women also got paid…
They were working for supplemental wages in addition to the husbands money because the bigger the machine was the less skill was required so they got paid less and were needed less. Factories didn’t want to hire a married women
Where was factory work for women?
In Britain and elsewhere they mostly worked in a factory, in France women worked on farms and in England women worked in cottage industries. Last hired first fired and exploitation
What did a wage economy do for women?
It gave them more opportunities for marriage, bigger city means more people. Men’s wages could probably support the family so it wasn’t an economic partnership. Children were an economic asset and children being born and mothers staying home increased their love and decreased the fathers to the kid
Cities became associated with…
Crime. Crime rose steadily in the first 60 years of the 19th century and there was no police and no communication between states. You commit a crime just hop the border and it’s basically gone
Policed society
London Police force(1828) was the first police ever, they kept order and they were called Peelers(Robert Peel) or Bobbies
John Howard, Elizabeth Fry and Charles Lucas
They wrote on the states of prisons in different places about how filthy it was so Britain and France undertook prison reform. They thought that they could changed their mindset
Auburn System
Separated prisoners at night
Philadelphia System
Made prisoners separate at all times
Alfred Dreyfuss
officer in the french military, franko prussian war lasted 6 months, prussians took french and beat them a lot, humiliated the french, when they get beat they look for some one to blame, he was accused of being a traitor, nothing against him except for the fact that he was jewish. it was a cause celebre
David Ricardo wrote…
Principles of political economy - higher wages, more kids, more work, lower wages
Louis Phillipe and Francois Guizot
Make money, get rich, vote
Zollverein
All major German states except for Austria formed a trading union that said they wouldn’t charge each other
Jeremy Bentham
He was a utilitarian, Fragment on Government, Principles of Morals and Legislations - poor law comission - poor houses and work houses
