Industry

Question 1

Cottage Industry

Answer 1

The manufacture of cotton cloth was a two step process. First spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton. Then weavers wore the thread into cloth on looms. In the 18th century these tasks were done by individuals in their rural homes.

Question 2

Enclosure Movement

Answer 2

In the 1700’s parliament passed laws that allowed large landowners to fence off common lands. As a result of this enclosure many peasants were forced to move to towns to work in the new factories

Question 3

Capital

Answer 3

A ready supply of money

Question 4

Entrepreneurs

Answer 4

People who are interested in finding new opportunities and new ways to make profits

Question 5

Crop Rotation

Answer 5

The process of planting or growing crops in a fixed cycle to produce a surplus of food or crops

Question 6

Fallow

Answer 6

Land left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season

Question 7

Edward Jenner

Answer 7

English physician who pioneered the small pox vaccination

Question 8

Industrialism

Answer 8

The socioeconomic changes that took place in England in the late 18th century that brought about the mechanization of production systems that resulted In a shift from home based hand manufacturing to factory based population resulting in mass production

Question 9

Edmond Cartewright

Answer 9

English clergyman who invented the power loom. 1743-1823

Question 10

Wilhelm Rontgen

Answer 10

German physicists who discovered x-rays and developed. 1845-1923

Question 11

Capitalism

Answer 11

An economic system based on private ownership competition and profit

Question 12

Bourgeois

Answer 12

According to Marxist thought being the owners of the means of production and exploitive of the working class

Question 13

Proletariat

Answer 13

The poorest people of the working class

Question 14

Karl Marx

Answer 14

The founder of modern communism and co wrote Communist Manifesto with Richard Engels

Question 15

Communism

Answer 15

A form of socialism that abolishes private ownership and aims for a classless society

Question 16

Urbanization

Answer 16

The movement if people from rural to urban areas

Question 17

Bessemer Process

Answer 17

A method for mass producing steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities

Question 18

Richard Arkwright

Answer 18

Invented the water frame in 1769

Question 19

Monopoly

Answer 19

A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service

Question 20

Textile

Answer 20

Artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

Question 21

Fredrick Englels

Answer 21

Published “ the condition of the working class in England” which attacked the middle class and charged that they had impoverished the poor worse then they had been in the cottage system and the culprit was capitalism and the maximization of profits. He said “ i charge the middle class with mass murder wholesale robbery and all the other crimes on the calendar.”

Question 22

Socialism

Answer 22

An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Question 23

Describe the AG? How did it lead to the age of industry?

Answer 23

Before the AG land was inefficient. Now because of crop rotation wealthy landlords would buy the land and it then became efficient for an abundance of food. Now that they didn’t have to worry about the food they started to invent. Enclosure movement forces people to seek opportunity thus causing the age of industry

Question 24

How did GB lead the industrial revolution

Answer 24

Navigate waterways. Canal river stream Transport goods throughout the country

Surface level coal. Easy to get coal, big industry easy to mine

Government encouraged entrepreneurship. Promoted business. Prosper

Isolated. Didn’t have to worry about enemy entanglements

Superior Navy. Able to protect their trade routes

Question 25

Describe the positive and negative effects of industry

Answer 25

Urbanization

Coal mine

Working conditions and wages

Education

Child labor

Question 26

Define capitalism. How did the age of industry serve as a catalyst for industrial capitalism

Answer 26

Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership free competition and profit. People became entrepreneurs which caused with others wanting to survive to profit. Consumers drive capitalism. Based in quality price etc.