Industry Flashcards
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Concept 1 outline
The media is controlled by a smaller number of companies that make products to create profit
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Concept 1 deeper outline
Globalisation has concentrated media ownership into the hands of a few companies
Media conglomerates are horizontally and vertical intergrated to maximise profits
Large scale media producers rely on advertising to generate income
Advertising drives media companies to produce products that have mass audience appeal
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Concept 2 outline
Media concentration adversely affects media content
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Concept 2 deeper outline
The business function of the media industry takes precedence over its creative/ public service capacities
Profit driven media is softened to create mass audience appeal
Minority interest is softened to create mass audience appeal
Minority interest content is pushed to the margins of broadcast schedules
Free marker competition produces format-driven products
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Concept 3 outline
Diverse ownership creates diverse products
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Concept 3 Deeper outline
Highlights the damage that free market ideologies have had on the media landscape
Public service broadcasting provides impartial news, serves minority audiences and champions national unity by offering inclusive rather than iexclusive content
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Three theorists who might challenge
- Clay Shirky
- Henry Jenkins
- Steve Neale
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Vs Clay Shirky
Argues that the media industry is increasingly driven by audience feedback systems rather than the top-down control of proprietors
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Vs Henry Jenkins
Would acknowledge that Web 2.0 enables big business to exploit the web for commercial reasons, but would also argue that the communities created via ‘participatory culture; have the power to change the world forever
CURRAN & SEATON: OWNERSHIP EFFECTS
Vs Steve Neale
Would critique the idea that media proliferation has resulted in a narrowing of product type or the dominance of formula-driven media.
He would argue that audience prompt producers to continuously adapt and finesse genre-driven material
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 1 outline
Citizen and consumer based models of media regulation
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 1 deeper outline
- Citizen orientated regulation is concerned with content based issues
Citizen based regulation is a positive form of regulation that directs media content so that it can improve the lives of citizens and contribute to the well-being of wider society
Citizen based regulation promotes forms of media that are able to hold powerful groups accountable
Consumer based regulation seeks to ensure that the media landscape contains a variety of different producers so that audiences have choice
Consumer based regulation seeks to ensure that the technological infrastructure that provides media to the public is fit for purpose
Consumer based regulation creates an environment in which audiences themselves make judgements about rhe kinds of media that are appropriate for their consumption
A consumer originated approach has dominated the media landscape as result of the Communications Act 2003 and the creation of Ofcom
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 2 outline
The challenge of regulation in the age of globalised media
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 2 deeper outline
Globalisation has reduced the power of national governments to control the media- global companies operate beyond the scope and boundaries of any one country
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Two theorists who might challenge
- Henry Jenkins
- David Gauntlett
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Vs Henry Jenkins
Would emphasise the benefits that the global digital media landscape offers. He would argue that digital media allows audiences to freely construct their own products and to make connection with like minded individuals across the world.
This process has also enabled some groups to affect deep-seated social change
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Vs David Gauntlett
Would emphasise the benefits of globalisation.
Globalisation, he might argue, has brought audiences into contact with a wide range of identities that they did not previously have access to. This has helped audiences to perceive their identities as fluid and not fixed
HESMONDHALGH: THE CULTURE INDUSTRY
Concept 1 outline
Maximising profits and minimising risks
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 1 deeper outline
The media industry is prone to risk as a result of shifting audience
The media industry tries to reduce risk through overproduction
Overproduction strategies, generally speaking, can only be engaged by large media conglomerates
Media conglomerates have expanded to enable them to cope with risk
Media products are carefully formatted using a number of industry specific strategies to reduce risk
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 2 outline
The effects of the internet revolution are difficult to diagnose
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Concept 2 deeper outline
The democrasting effects of the digital revolution have been overeggaerated by some academics
Digital media is used by audiences in radically different ways, whilst only a few users have the necessary skills to engage in participatory culture
The internet is dominated by a handful of very powerful companies
The commercialisation of the web has further reduced its democratising capacity
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Two theorists who might challenge
- Henry Jenkins
- Clay Shirky
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Vs Henry Jenkins
Emphasises the positive effects of the digital revolution - suggestions that digital media cultivates online communities and allows audiences to express themselves in positive and creative ways through fan engagement
LIVINGSTONE & LUNT: REGULATION
Vs Clay Shirky
Might argue that large-scale media providers will be replaced by products that are created by everyday users, or that mass media content will be significantly controlled by audience feedback mechanisms
