Industry Flashcards
What was the 3 new technology in mining?
deep mine shaft, ventilation shafts and the Davy lamp
What is the bell pit system (not new technology)?
Coal was cut, loaded and lifted to the surface either by hand or horse power.
What was the deep mine shaft?
Steam engines were used to pull up coal and there was wooden supports holding up the mine roof
What was the ventilation shafts?
They allowed better ventilation in mines and allowed two escape routes if one for blocked
What was the Davy lamp?
It helped to prevent has explosions because the flame was encased
What were the 4 inventions in textile industry?
The spinning Jenny, the water frame , the spinning mule and the power loom
What was the most important invention?
The steam engine
Who invented the steam engine and when?
James Watt in 1712
What was the spinning Jenny?
It was invented by James Hargreaves in 1764. It had multiple spindles (8) which were spun at once and it was quicker and produced more thread
What was the water frame?
It was invented by Richard Arkwright in 1775. Water wheels powered by the water in rivers would spin the looms. Automated so can work all day and night . It had 96 spindles. More spindles were powered so more thread was produced and it was easier
What was the spinning mule?
It was invented by Samuel Crompton in 1779. The operator could control thousands of spindles at once. Much quicker and more thread produced
What was the power loom?
It was invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785. It was powered by steam engine so had even more spindles. It was very efficient thread production
What were working conditions like in the factories and coal mines before 1842 (7)?
Long working hours
Low wages
Cruel discipline
Fierce systems of fines
Accidents
Health
Parish apprentices
