Industries Flashcards
kys-
What is an industry?
Industry probably brings to mind images of big factories and mills. But industries can also mean forms of economic activity. Therefore we can talk about the tourism industry like we would talk about the iron and steel industry or the automobile industry. Industry is thus an activity, with the aim of supplying or producing goods or providing services.
Explain the three types of industries.
The products that we derive directly from nature, like timber, minerals, fruits, vegetables, etc, are called primary products. Activities such as lumbering, farming etc, is the primary industry.
When primary products are processed, they turn into secondary products. Thus cotton, which is a primary product, processed to make fabrics or textiles, turns into a secondary product. The processing of primary products to produce secondary products, are called secondary or manufacturing industry; we usually refer to secondary industries when we say industries.
Besides primary and secondary industires, there is tertiary industry as well. It does not produce goods, but provides survices such as banking, education, trading, tourism, etc.
What are inputs and outputs? What are the differences?
Input
Refers to the resources and materials used in the production process.
Includes raw materials (like metal, plastic, wood), labor (workers or machines), energy (electricity, gas), tools, and equipment.
It is what goes into the factory or production system to create a product.
Output
Refers to the finished products or results produced after the manufacturing process.
Includes the actual goods (like cars, electronics, or furniture), as well as waste or byproducts (such as scraps or emissions).
It is the end result or product that comes out of the factory or production system after processing the inputs.
What are value added products?
When a primary product is processed, its value increases. Eg- A jute bag is more expensive compared to jute itself. Because of the addition in value, secondary products are also referred to as value-added products.
What are sunrise industries?
Relatively new indstries which are probably likely too sucseed are called in the near future are called sunrise industries. Eg hospitality industry, wellness industry and the IT industry, which involves transmitting and storing data in digital form.
What are some of the important factors that affect the location of an industry?
Raw materials: Industries which use heavy, bulky materials, are usually near sources of raw materials, since covering long distances in difficult and expensive.
Industries using perishable substances are also near sources because these has to reach the factories fast.
Power: An uninterrupted source of power is essential for running machines, therefore locations with more power sources are ideal for industry.
Labor: Industries that require plenty of labor, are established in densely populated areas, as labor comes in abundance and for a cheap rate.
Water: Industries need water for cooling machines, for disposing waste and various other purposes, therefore they are usually established near sources of water.
Topography and climate: A flat topography and moderate climate is ideal for most industries, therefore plains have the most concentration of industries.
Market : Industries with producing fragile or perishable items are usually located near markets, soo that they can reach with minimum damage and delay.
Transport facilities: An efficient transport network is essential for finished goods to reach market, therefore places with transport routes are ideal for goods which are fragile or perishable.
Capital: Every industry needs capital for purchasing power, raw materials, transport and paying the wages of workers. Therefore, places which have higher concentration of people willing to invest is the ideal location for industries.
Government policies: Sometimes government makes locations ideal for industries by providing tax concessions, land and various other facilities.
What are industrial regions?
When an industry is established at a location, people start to settle around it, to make use of the employment opportunities. Facilities like banking, transport, power supply etc, become ideal and develop, to serve the industry and its employees. This also attracts other industries for raw material in the region. This leads to a high concentration of industries and the location starts to develop into an industrial region.
The chief industries include North America, Europe and East Asia. India comes in the top 20 industrialized nations in the world. Indias cheif industrial regions are -
1) Mumbai - Pune region of Maharashtra
2) Ahembdabaad - vadodara region of gujrat
river hugli egion in west bengal
chotttanagpur region in jharkhand and parts of odisha and west bengal
banglore
vishakapatnam-gunther of andhra
kollam - thrivandrum - kerela
gurgaon-delhi-meerut-northern india
What are the different types of Industries?
Industries are classifies on the basis of size, raw materials, ownership and produce.
Size: An industry which produces on a large scale, employs a large workforce and involves huge amounts of investment is known as large-scale industry. Industries which produce automobiles, shipmaking etc, all come below this category.
A small scale industry, employs fewer number of people and requires lesser investment, examples include industries which makes nuts and bols, rice mils, oil refining etc.
A village or cottage industry requires very few people and little to no investment. They are attached to home and often employ family members, and make pickles, clothing/textiles, pottery, handicrafts etc.
Ownership: An industry owned by an individual/group is known as a private sector industry, an industry owned by the government is known as public sector industry and an industry owned jointly by the government and an individual group is known as joint sector industry. Eg- The Tata Iron and Steel industry is a private sector industry, The Salem Steel Plan owned by The Steel Authority of India Limited is a public sector industry, and the Maruti Udyog Limited owned jointly by the Indian government and Suzuki Motor cooperation by Japan, was a joint sector enterprise. An industry owned and run by a group of people who supply raw materials for the industries are known as cooperative sector industry. Anand Milk Industry Limited and Sudha Diary, are cooperative sector industries.
Raw materials: Industries like cotton, sugar etc are agro based industries
Forest based industries produce paper, forest products, etc. Marine based industries include fish oil and fish meal, and seafood processing. mineral based industries include iron and steel, oil refining etc. engineering based industries like automobile, shipbuilding etc.
Products: Industries that produce things like iron and heavy machinery, engineering goods etc are called capital good/basic industry. These industries are essential for the development of the country.
Industries that produce products required for daily use.
What are some factors that led to the growth of modern industries in India?
- India has a large variety of raw materials in the form of minerals, agricultural products and forest products.
- India has large sources of coal.- a major power souce.
- Most parts of india are well-connected by roadways and railways; helps commuting with products easier and quicker.
- Indias large population offers labor for cheap and in abundance, developing a large domestic market for manufactured goods. Many indian markets also are established outside the country.
- Several banks, cooperative and credit agencies, offer loans on easy terms for establishing industries.
What are some of the major industries in the world?
Among the various industries, some are widely distributed, while others are concentrated in specific areas.
- Iron and Steel Industry: The iron and steel industry is one of the most important industries. It produces steel which is used to produce heavy machinery, automobiles, shipmaking, machine tools, etc. Steel is also used in buildings. Many of the things we use at home includes cutlerly, utensils and even safety pins are made if steel. The development of the iron and steel industry created industrial diversification, contributing to the economic development and prosperity of the country. Chief resources required are iron ore manganese and coal.
Initially the iron and stell industry was concentrated in britain. Here it started in the second half of the 18th century, and increased rapidly after the Industrial Revoltion. It spread to different parts ofbritain from the world. Italy, India, Germany, Ukaraine, South Korea, Japan and USA are some of the worlds largest steel producers. Iron has been used in India since the vedic times. India is luck to have large deposits of manganese, iron ore, coal and limestone, all used to make steel. All of these lie in the same belt, reducing transportation fees, leading to a reduction in the overalll cost. This is why Indias iron and steel plants are mainly located in Jharkhand, Odisha and Chattisgarh. The first steel plant was establised in Kulti and then in Jamshedpur. Two more steel plants were set up before independece- one in burnpur and one in bhadravatii. There have been several others locaed in Roukela, Vijaynagar, Vishakapatnam etc.
Cotton textile industry
the textile industry is the oldest manufacturing industreis
