Industrialization Vocab Flashcards
Tenement
Overcrowded, slum housing
Rural
Areas where not many people live
In “the country”
These areas are always shrinking
Industrialization
Making stuff with machines in big factories
Mass production
Capitalism
CAPITAL=MONEY
Businesses competing to make money
Laissez Faire, Market Economy
Agrarian
Related to farming
Mechanization
Producing stuff with machines
Automation
Industry
The business of making things
*Laissez-faire
An enlightenment philosophy
Means “Hands Off”–the government stays out of businesses way, and lets them direct their own course
Capitalism, Market Economy
Social Darwanism
Survival of the fittest
Only the strong survive—everyone is competing against everyone else
Example: small businesses can’t compete with bigger ones, so they just go out of business
corporation
business that is owned by many people not just one person
Example: Walmart, Sony, Ford, etc.
Monopoly/Trust
One company is the only place you can get a certain good or service
No competition
Example: Standard Oil, U.S. Steel
Sherman Antitrust act
1st federal law to attempt to limit monopolies
Efficiency
Eliminating waste:
Eliminating wasted time, money, energy, resources, etc.
Example: taking the shortest route to get somewhere
Productivity
Measure of inputs vs outputs
If you produce more with the same amount of resources or less, your productivity goes UP
Example: today you 10 workers produce 10 cars; tomorrow, the same 10 workers produce 15 cars. Productivity went up.
Specialization
Getting really good at producing or doing ONE thing.
Examples: a kicker on a football team; a line worker who just bolts on the front left tire of a car
Interdependence
Two or more things that need each other to work. Example:
Steel Companies need railroads to ship their steel around the country
Railroads need steel to make their tracks, trains, bridges, etc. THEY NEED EACH OTHER
This is a result of specialization
Immigration
People Moving Into a country
Example: a person moves here from Italy or Mexico
Emigration
People Leaving a country
The Opposite of immigration
Migration
Moving within a country
Nativism
Showing favoritism toward non-immigrants (“natives”)
Has NOTHING to do with American Indians!
Example: refusing to hire immigrants
Urbanization
Cities getting bigger
Urban = City
Political corruption
• Using a position of power to cheat and
make money
Suburbs
Communities just outside of cities—not as
densely populated, but not rural
• EX: Pickerington, Westerville, Dublin
Policy
A course of action
• It answers the question: “How are we
going to do things?”
Example: “Late to class, no hall pass”
Legislation
Laws OR Law-making
• Examples: The Affordable
Healthcare Act, Sherman Antitrust
Act
Antitrust legislation
• Laws against
monopolies/trusts
Labor
Work OR Workers
• Example: coal miners, teachers, steel
workers, auto workers, etc.
*Labor Union/ Labor
Organization/Organized Labor
workers that get together (organize) for better wages, working conditions, and hours » EXAMPLES: United Autoworkers, Ohio Education Association
Collective Bargaining
Workers banding together to negotiate
with managers for better pay, working
conditions, and hours
• What labor unions do
Great Railroad Strike 1877
Riots against Railroads • No Unions Involved • Led to the formation of Labor Unions • Local, State, & Federal Militias called in to end the violence
Pullman strike 1894
Nationwide strike by the American Railway
Union
• Striking against the Pullman Company
• Lots of rioting
Homestead Strike 1892
Strike of US Steel workers
• There was gun fight between workers and
strikebreakers
• Led to a decline in union membership
Haymarket riot 1886
Chicago labor protest turned where there
was a bombing & a riot
Unregulated working conditions
• Unregulated=no government oversight
• Working conditions=what the environment
is like at your work
– Mostly related to safety
• Unregulated working conditions means the
government doesn’t tell businesses what
the environment at work must be like
Middle Class
People who work but have a good amount
of money and a relatively high standard of
living
Labor Legislation
Laws about work. Often about unions
Business Regulation
The government telling businesses what
they can and cannot do
• EXAMPLES: Minimum wage, Meat
Inspection Act
Political Parties
Groups that try to run the government – REPUBLICANS – DEMOCRATS – GREEN PARTY – LIBERTARIAN PARTY
Interest Groups
A group of people who want something in
common from the government–a
particular thing is “of interest” to them.
Examples?
Public oppinion
what the people think
The media
The forms of mass communication –Newspapers –TV –Magazines –Radio
Leisure
Free Time–used for enjoyment or relaxing
Standard Of Living
How hard or easy your life is—the easier
life is, the higher your standard of living
