Industrialization/Urbanization/Nationalism/Imperialism Flashcards
What is building and operating factories to produce goods called?
Industrialize
What did the revolution lead to?
New sources of energy & improved systems of transportation (growth of cities)
How was the new version of labor different during the beginning of Industrialization?
Businesses built large factories (make new machines) operated by many workers
How did transportation during Industrialization (ex. networks of canals linking rivers & cities) help with?
Moved raw materials and finished goods farther, faster, and cheaply
What did Great Britain’s textile industry use to make them the very first ones to be industrialized?
Used machines like spinning jenny and the power loom (high-quality clothes quickly)
Although there were other countries across western Europe such as Belgium, and France, where was the Industrial Revolution largely limited to where industrial secretes were closely guarded?
Great Britain
Who was the man who was said to have helped start the Industrial Revolution, and created the new steam engine that powered machines?
James Watt
What was James Watt famous for?
Building the new steam engine that powered machines (said to have helped start the Industrial Revolution)
Who was the American inventor who created the “cotton gin” that separated seeds from cotton fibers, making it easier to produce cotton cloth? (US became a major industrial power soon enough)
Eli Whitney
What did Eli Whitney’s “cotton gin” help the US with?
Easier to produce cotton cloth (separated seeds from cotton fibers)
How did the Industrial Revolution harm humans?
Employers mistreated factory workers (made them work for hours with low wages)
What organization was created by workers through shared hardships who worked to protect the rights and interests of members, during the Industrial Revolution?
Labor unions (Female: “trade societies”)
Why did the workers’ conditions during the Industrial Revolution improve?
Unions succeeded in pressuring governments
What was the growth of cities called?
Urbanization
During Urbanization, why were many farming families forced out of their lands and into cities?
Landowners seized many common land for their private use creating more efficient farms, producing food more cheaply
Why were the conditions of the houses horrible during Urbanization?
Concentrated large numbers of poor people in small areas with high rents
What was the name of the unions in the United States that banded together to get important improvements that reduced unfair treatment?
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
What were the two new laws in Great Britain during Industrialization that served to reduce the unfair treatment of women and children in the workplace?
Britain’s Factory Act of 1833 & 1847 Ten Hours Act
What was Britain’s Factory Act of 1833 during Industrialisation in Great Britain?
Banned children younger than nine years old from working
What was the 1847 Ten Hours Act during Industrialisation in Great Britain?
Women and older children could not work more than ten hours per day and children under 13 must have at least 2 hours of education every day
In Europe overtime, who became the new ruling class?
Industrialists (business man who owns or controls large industrial companies or factories)
Between the rich and poor working classes, what emerged?
Middle class (did not have the poverty of working class)
Who was the Scottish economist who believed that the division of labor would have economic growth but would harm society? (workers with only a single task would be bored)
Adam Smith
Who was the German Philosopher who wanted social equality, laying the foundation of “communism” during the Industrial Revolution?
Karl Marx
