Industrialization 9.2 Flashcards
Machine production caused
Human suffering
Industrialization led to (4)
Better quality of life
Plentiful jobs
Unhealthy working conditions (air/water pollution)
Rising class tensions (worker/middle class)
Why did people flock to British cities and towns during the IR
Due to the growth of the factory system (manufacturing foods was concentrated in a central location)
URBANIZATION
Why did factories develop in clusters
Entrepreneurs built them near energy sources, water/coal
Effect of new cities (4)
- Challenge London’s industrial leadership
- Birmingham/Sheffield became iron-smelting centers
- Leeds/Manchester dominated textile manufacturing
- Liverpool/Manchester center of britain’s cotton industry
What book portrays urban work life
Elizabeth Gaskell’s “Mary Barton”
Rapid industrialization effects on living conditions (8)
No development plans No sanitary codes No building codes Lacked adequate housing -education -police protection No drains Dark, dirty shelters for families
Working conditions (3)
No good lighting
Not very clean
No government aid in case of injury
Where were the most dangerous conditions
Coal mines
Coal mine conditions (4)
Frequent acxidents
Damp conditions
Coal dust
-shortened life 10 years
What jobs did women and children have
Mining industry because they were the cheapest source of labor
Who was part of the middle class (4)
Skilled workers
Professionals
Business people
Wealthy farmers
Which class grew due to industrialization
Middle class
Upper middle class included (6)
Government employees Doctors Lawyers Factory manager Mine manager Ship manager
Lower middle class included (2)
Skilled workers
Took makers
-mechanical drafters
-printers
How did working class react to machines replacing them
Frustrated and smashed machines that replaced them
Luddites named after who
Ned Ludd
Who was Ned Ludd
Mythical English laborer
Destroyed weaving machinery
What did Luddites do
Attacked factories in northern England
Destroyed labor saving machines
Why did workers riot outside of factories
Poor living and working conditions
Positive effects of IR (economic) (6)
Jobs for workers Contributed to wealth nation Inspired technological progress Increased production of foods Raised living standards Provided hope of improvement in lives
Positive effects of IR (personal) (5)
Healthier diets Better/cheaper housing Mass produced clothing Demand for engineers/pro workers Expanded educational opps
Who prospered from IR
Middle and up classes
Positive effects for workers
Higher wages
Shorter hours
Better working conditions after forming labor unions
Log terms effects of IR
Improved living/working conditions
Profits produce tax revenues
-> allow local, state, federal governments to invest in urban improvements to raise living standards of city dwellers
Negative effects of rapid industrialization in Manchester
Made it unhealthy place for poor people who lived and workers there
Child labor (6 yrs old)
Child abuse to stay awake
Child jobs (2)
Repair broken thread in bobbins
Sweep cotton fluff
What did the Factory Act do
Restricted working age and hours
Effects of too much industry
Polluted natural environment
Coal filled houses
Textiles poisoned Irwell River
Child Labor today (3)
Now:
Sweatshops
Wretched/Long working conditions
Unprotected by child labor laws
Today’s children jobs (3)
Weave carpets
Sort vegetables
Assemble expensive athletic shoes
Organizations trying to end child labor (2)
Child Welfare League of America
International Labor Rights Fund
