INDUSTRIALIZATION Flashcards
Tenement
Overcrowded, slum housing
Rural
Areas where not many people live • In “the country” • These areas are always shrinking
Industrialization
Making stuff with machines in big factories • Mass production
Capitalism
CAPITAL=MONEY • Businesses competing to make money • Laissez Faire, Market Economy
Agrarian
Related to farming
Mechanization
• Producing stuff with machines • Automation
Industry
• The business of making things
Laissez-faire
An enlightenment philosophy • Means “Hands Off”–the government stays out of businesses way, and lets them direct their own course • Capitalism, Market Economy
Social Darwinism
Survival of the fittest • Only the strong survive—everyone is competing against everyone else
Corporation
business that is owned by many people not just one person
Monopoly/Trust
One company is the only place you can get a certain good or service – No competition
Sherman Antitrust Act
1 st federal law to attempt to limit monopolies
Efficiency
Eliminating waste: – Eliminating wasted time, money, energy, resources, etc.
Productivity
Measure of inputs vs outputs • If you produce more with the same amount of resources or less, your productivity goes UP
Specialization
Getting really good at producing or doing ONE thing
Interdependence
Two or more things that need each other to work. Example: – Steel Companies need railroads to ship their steel around the country – Railroads need steel to make their tracks, trains, bridges, etc. THEY NEED EACH OTHER • This is a result of specialization
Immigration
People Moving Into a country
Emigration
People Leaving a country • The Opposite of immigration
Migration
Moving within a country
Nativism
Showing favoritism toward non-immigrants (“natives”)
Has NOTHING to do with American Indians!
Urbanization
Cities getting bigger
Urban = City
Political Corruption
Using a position of power to cheat and make money
Suburbs
Communities just outside of cities—not as densely populated, but not rural
Policy
A course of action
It answers the question: “How are we going to do things?
Antitrust Legislation
Laws against monopolies/trusts
Labor
Work OR Workers
Labor Union/ Labor Organization/Organized Labor
workers that get together (organize) for better wages, working conditions, and hours
Collective Bargaining
Workers banding together to negotiate with managers for better pay, working conditions, and hours
What labor unions do
Pullman Strike (1894)
Nationwide strike by the American Railway Union
Striking against the Pullman Company
Lots of rioting
Homestead Strike (1892)
Strike of US Steel workers
There was gun fight between workers and strikebreakers
Led to a decline in union membership
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Chicago labor protest turned where there was a bombing & a riot
Unregulated /Unregulated Working Conditions
Unregulated=no government oversight
Working conditions=what the environment is like at your work
Mostly related to safety
Unregulated working conditions means the government doesn’t tell businesses what the environment at work must be like
Middle Class
People who work but have a good amount of money and a relatively high standard of living
Labor Legislation
Laws about work. Often about unions
Business regulation
The government telling businesses what they can and cannot do
EXAMPLES: Minimum wage, Meat Inspection Act
Political Parties
Groups that try to run the government REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATS GREEN PARTY LIBERTARIAN PARTY
Interest Groups
A group of people who want something in common from the government–a particular thing is “of interest” to them. Examples?
Public Opinion
What the people think
The Media
The forms of mass communication Newspapers TV Magazines Radio cnn
Leisure
Free Time–used for enjoyment or relaxing
Standard of Living
How hard or easy your life is—the easier life is, the higher your standard of living
commerce
selling and buying
