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Industrialization Flashcards

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1
Q

Who invented the air brake?

A

George Westinghouse

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2
Q

When a company or trust has complete control over the industry it is called a what?

A

Monopoly

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3
Q

What is it called when the government takes your land for the needs of the community?

A

Eminent Domain

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4
Q

How many miles of track did the Union Pacific Railroad workers lay?

A

1,086 miles

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5
Q

Who owned the Great Northern Railroad?

A

James J Hill

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6
Q

A guarantee to protect an inventors rights to make, use, or sell the invention is what?

A

Patent

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7
Q

Ownership of business involved in each step of a manufacturing process is called what?

A

Vertical Integration

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8
Q

Who was the owner of US Steel?

A

J.P. Morgan

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9
Q

Who took over the shipping industry? Nicknamed “the captain”

A

Vanderbilt

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10
Q

What two men missed the last spike that joined the central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad?

A

Stanford and Durant

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11
Q

Ownership of several companies making the same product is called what?

A

Horizontal Integration

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12
Q

What did congress pass in 1862 that states a railway must be made to the Pacific coast?

A

Pacific Railway Act

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13
Q

Who was the founder of Standard Oil?

A

J.D. Rockefeller

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14
Q

Who invented the sleeping car, dining car, and the parlor car?

A

George Pullman

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15
Q

What man wanted to build a bridge across the Mississippi River?

A

Andrew Carnegie

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16
Q

Grants of money from the government to private companies

A

Subsidies

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17
Q

Major railroad lines

A

Trunk lines

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18
Q

Railroad lines connecting small towns to trunk lines

A

Feeder lines

19
Q

Cattle trail from San Antonio, Texas to Abilene, Kansas

A

Chisholm Trail

20
Q

Worker who drive cattle to the railroad towns

A

Cowboys

21
Q

Fierce competition by railroad companies to get business by lowering prices and undercutting their competitor’s prices

A

Rate Wars

22
Q

Inventor of the telegraph

A

Samuel F. B. Morse

23
Q

Person who laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866

A

Cyrus Field

24
Q

Inventor of the telephone in 1876

A

Alexander Bell

25
Q

Device used in steel production; it shot a stream of hot air into molten iron to burn off impurities

A

Besserman Converter

26
Q

Lands under jurisdiction of the US government and reserved for Indians. The goal of establishing reservations was to insure peace between Indians and settlers

A

Reservations

27
Q

Sioux chief who actually took part in the battle of Little Bighorn. On that day, he was reported to say, “today is a good day to fight, today is a good day to die.” Eventually he will be captured and will be shot while being held prisoner. The guards that shot him while he was “attempting to escape” were members of the 7th Cavalry.

A

Crazy Horse

28
Q

This battle occurred in 1876 when approximately 2,500 Cheyenne and Sioux warriors annihilated alt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his 264 men

A

Little Big Horn

29
Q

Next Perce chief ho tried to lead his tribe to Canada when the government broke the treaty regarding land in the Wallowa Valley

A

Chief Joseph

30
Q

Apache chief who for 10 years led his tribe against the US

A

Geronimo

31
Q

Law created to end the the tribal way of life for Indians and convert them to the white lifestyle. It allotted 160 acres of land for single male Indians and 240 acres of land for married Indians

A

Dawes Act

32
Q

Battle in 1890 that occurred when soldiers attempted to disarm Indians, arrest Sitting Bull and end “Ghost Dance” activity

A

Wounded Knee

33
Q

Three or more people charted by a state and permitted to sell stock in order to raise money

A

Corporation

34
Q

Certificate of partial ownership of a corporation

A

Stock

35
Q

Form of business consolidation wherein companies turn over control to trustees and several companies are run as one

A

Sherman Antitrust Act

36
Q

A business consolidation method wherein a new company is charted, sell stocks, and then buys a controlling portion of a production company

A

Holding Company

37
Q

The division of overall production into a number of stages or smaller task

A

Division of Labor

38
Q

The standardization of the production process and the interchangeability of parts in order to produce many identical items

A

Mass Production

39
Q

Immigrants from northern and Western Europe

A

Old immigrants

40
Q

Immigrants from eastern and Southern Europe and Asia who first began to arrive in large numbers after the civil war

A

New immigrants

41
Q

A feeling of suspicion toward anything new or foreign

A

Nativism

42
Q

An arrangement whereby immigration was paid for by a company in exchange for labor

A

Contract Labor

43
Q

Act passed in 1882, this law banned the immigration of Chinese workers to the United States

A

Chinese Exclusion Act

history (3 decks)

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