Industrialization Flashcards
Who invented the air brake?
George Westinghouse
When a company or trust has complete control over the industry it is called a what?
Monopoly
What is it called when the government takes your land for the needs of the community?
Eminent Domain
How many miles of track did the Union Pacific Railroad workers lay?
1,086 miles
Who owned the Great Northern Railroad?
James J Hill
A guarantee to protect an inventors rights to make, use, or sell the invention is what?
Patent
Ownership of business involved in each step of a manufacturing process is called what?
Vertical Integration
Who was the owner of US Steel?
J.P. Morgan
Who took over the shipping industry? Nicknamed “the captain”
Vanderbilt
What two men missed the last spike that joined the central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad?
Stanford and Durant
Ownership of several companies making the same product is called what?
Horizontal Integration
What did congress pass in 1862 that states a railway must be made to the Pacific coast?
Pacific Railway Act
Who was the founder of Standard Oil?
J.D. Rockefeller
Who invented the sleeping car, dining car, and the parlor car?
George Pullman
What man wanted to build a bridge across the Mississippi River?
Andrew Carnegie
Grants of money from the government to private companies
Subsidies
Major railroad lines
Trunk lines
Railroad lines connecting small towns to trunk lines
Feeder lines
Cattle trail from San Antonio, Texas to Abilene, Kansas
Chisholm Trail
Worker who drive cattle to the railroad towns
Cowboys
Fierce competition by railroad companies to get business by lowering prices and undercutting their competitor’s prices
Rate Wars
Inventor of the telegraph
Samuel F. B. Morse
Person who laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866
Cyrus Field
Inventor of the telephone in 1876
Alexander Bell
Device used in steel production; it shot a stream of hot air into molten iron to burn off impurities
Besserman Converter
Lands under jurisdiction of the US government and reserved for Indians. The goal of establishing reservations was to insure peace between Indians and settlers
Reservations
Sioux chief who actually took part in the battle of Little Bighorn. On that day, he was reported to say, “today is a good day to fight, today is a good day to die.” Eventually he will be captured and will be shot while being held prisoner. The guards that shot him while he was “attempting to escape” were members of the 7th Cavalry.
Crazy Horse
This battle occurred in 1876 when approximately 2,500 Cheyenne and Sioux warriors annihilated alt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his 264 men
Little Big Horn
Next Perce chief ho tried to lead his tribe to Canada when the government broke the treaty regarding land in the Wallowa Valley
Chief Joseph
Apache chief who for 10 years led his tribe against the US
Geronimo
Law created to end the the tribal way of life for Indians and convert them to the white lifestyle. It allotted 160 acres of land for single male Indians and 240 acres of land for married Indians
Dawes Act
Battle in 1890 that occurred when soldiers attempted to disarm Indians, arrest Sitting Bull and end “Ghost Dance” activity
Wounded Knee
Three or more people charted by a state and permitted to sell stock in order to raise money
Corporation
Certificate of partial ownership of a corporation
Stock
Form of business consolidation wherein companies turn over control to trustees and several companies are run as one
Sherman Antitrust Act
A business consolidation method wherein a new company is charted, sell stocks, and then buys a controlling portion of a production company
Holding Company
The division of overall production into a number of stages or smaller task
Division of Labor
The standardization of the production process and the interchangeability of parts in order to produce many identical items
Mass Production
Immigrants from northern and Western Europe
Old immigrants
Immigrants from eastern and Southern Europe and Asia who first began to arrive in large numbers after the civil war
New immigrants
A feeling of suspicion toward anything new or foreign
Nativism
An arrangement whereby immigration was paid for by a company in exchange for labor
Contract Labor
Act passed in 1882, this law banned the immigration of Chinese workers to the United States
Chinese Exclusion Act
