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Industrialism & Imperialism > Industrialism & Imperialism > Flashcards

Industrialism & Imperialism Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE Industrial Revolution

A

Refers to shift of production from hand-made goods to machine-made goods

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2
Q

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

A

Agricultural Advancements: Exclosure movement & crop rotation

Inventions: Increased Production

Improvements in transportation: Moved more people and goods & jobs could be further away

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3
Q

Inventions in America that contributed to Industrial Revolution

A

-Reaper
-Telegraph
-Foot treadle
-Telephone

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4
Q

DEFINE Urbanization

A

Cities building & people moving to cities from rural areas

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5
Q

DEFINE Middle Class

A

Social class made of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

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6
Q

Problems of Industrialization

A

-Child Labor
-Poor living & working conditions

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7
Q

What are larger effects of Industrialism?

A

Poor living conditions: no sanitary codes or building codes and diseases spread

Poor working conditions: long hours, work-related injuries, and cheap payment for labor

Class tensions between middle and working class: middle class took over factory jobs, replacing the working class jobs with machines

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8
Q

DEFINE Laissez Faire

A

economic policy where workers set working conditions themselves; left alone

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9
Q

DEFINE Adam Smith

A

Professor who defended free economy and markes & wrote a book

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10
Q

DEFINE Capitalism

A

Economic policy where production is privately owned and money invested into business ventures

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11
Q

DEFINE Utilitarianism

A

Government actions useful only if the greatest good is for greatest number of people

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12
Q

DEFINE Socialism

A

Factors of production owned by public and operate for welfare of all

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13
Q

DEFINE Karl Marx

A

Introduced theories and Marxism and communist supporter

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14
Q

DEFINE Communism

A

all means of production owned by people and goods are shared

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15
Q

DEFINE Unions

A

Association of workers formed to bargin better working conditions

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16
Q

DEFINE Strike

A

Refusal to work unless needs are met

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17
Q

DEFINE Jane Adams

A

Created settlement houses for women
-referred to as Hen Houses

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18
Q

Characteristics of Capitalism

A
  1. Individuals and businesses own property and means of production
  2. Consumers compete to buy best goods at lowest prices
    –> Competition shapes market by what is being sold
  3. Government shouldn’t interfere in economy because competition creates efficiency in buisness
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19
Q

Characteristics of Socialism

A
  1. Community or state own property and means of production
  2. Unequal distrabution of wealth and material goods
  3. Distribute goods according to each individual need
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20
Q

What kind of society did early socialists want? Did this change over time?

A

Wanted government to plan economy ending poverty and promote equality

–>Later changed to communist beliefs

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21
Q

What were the main problems faced by the unions during the 1800s, and how did they overcome them?

A

Combination Acts outlawing protests and strikes

–> American Federation of Labor (AFL) helped improve conditions

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22
Q

Why did the labor reform movement spread to other areas of life?

A

Rose in response to negative impact of industrialization and ideas of French Revolution

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23
Q

Why might women abolitionists have headed the movement for women’s rights?

A

Women were recieving 1/3 of payment men recieved

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24
Q

How might Marxism be applied to the 1800’s? Today?

A

1800’s: inequalities in society based on social class differences

Today: exploitation is present in capitalist systems

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25
Q

DEFINE Imperialism

A

Seizure of country/territory by stronger country

RESULT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

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26
Q

DEFINE Social Darwinism

A

Evolution and natural selection applied to human society

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27
Q

DEFINE Berlin Conference

A

Meeting that laid rules for division of Africa with 15 EU countries present and 0 African repsentativies

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28
Q

DEFINE Shaka

A

Used highly disciplined warriors and good military to take over large centralized state

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29
Q

Describe people of Africa before European domination. In what ways were they safe from early colonization efforts?

A

They had large empires and independent villages and controlled their own trade networks

Disease and geography killed colonists

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30
Q

What motivated/promoted European nations to imperialize Africa?

A

Economics, politics, and social

and RACISM!!

31
Q

DEFINE Zulus

A

South Africans

32
Q

DEFINE Boers

A

Dutch settlers in Africa

33
Q

What happened in Boer War?

A

Boers used guerilla tactics
British used concentration camps
–> British won and starts efforts to change Africa life

34
Q

DEFINE -ism

A

Belief in something

35
Q

DEFINE Paternalism

A

Government way of providing peoples’ needs without giving them rights

36
Q

DEFINE Assimilation

A

The idea that in time local populations will adopt new culture and become like them

37
Q

DESCRIBE Indirect Control

A

-Local government officals used

  • Limited self-rule

-Goal to develop future leaders

-Government institutions based on European style with local rules

38
Q

DESCRIBE Direct Control

A

-Foreign officals rule

-No self-rule

  • Goal is assimilation

-Government institutions based ONLY on European styles

39
Q

Colony Imperialism definition and example

A

Country or territory governed internally by foreign power

ex: Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony

40
Q

Protectorate Imperialism definition and example

A

Country or terrirory with its own internal government but under control of outside power

41
Q

Protectorate Imperialism definition and example

A

Country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of outside power

ex: Britian established a protectorate over Niger River delta

42
Q

Sphere of Influence Imperialism definition and example

A

Area where outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

ex: Liberia under Sphere of Influence of United States

43
Q

Economic Imperialism definition and example

A

Independent but less-developed country controlled by private businesses interests rather than other government

ex: Dole Fruit company controlled [inneapple trade in Hawaii

44
Q

Successful and unseccessful results from African resistance

A

Successful: Ethiopia –> Menelik II led, Battle of Adowa, pitted Italy, Britian, and France against each other

Unseccessful: Algeria –> Maji-maji, 15,000 casulaties

45
Q

DEFINE Sepoy

A

Indian soldiers fighting for British

46
Q

DEFINE Raj

A

Refers to British rule after India under British crown during Queen Victoria

47
Q

Why was India known as the “Jewel in the Crown” to the British?

A

India was major raw materials supplier and large population good for Britian made goods

48
Q

What influence did outside conflicts and wars have on trade goods in India?

A

When other suppliers were cut off, Indian exports rose

49
Q

What positive and negative impacts were there from British rule in India?

A

Negative: Britian restricted Indian owned industries

Positive: Building railroads gave India a modern economy

50
Q

What were the causes and effects of the Sepony Mutiny

A

Indians feared conversion to Christianity and British jailed those who disobeyed

British took direct command of India

51
Q

What fueled the rise of Nationalism in India?

A

Fear of outsiders continuing to control India

52
Q

DEFINE Annexation

A

Adding of region to terriroty of an existing political unit

53
Q

DEFINE Queen Liliuokalani

A

Hawaii’s only queen who made a new constitution increasing her power

54
Q

What made nations along the Pacific Rim particularly valuable to colonizers?

A

-Location along sea route to China

-Tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil

55
Q

British area of colonial influence

A

Malay Peninsula and Burma

56
Q

Dutch area of colonial influence

A

Dutch East Indies –> entire island chain of Indonesia

57
Q

French area of colonial influence

A

French Indochina

58
Q

Portuguese area of colonial influence

A

Malacca

59
Q

Spanish area of colonial influence

A

Philippines

60
Q

United States area of colonial influence

A

Philippines and Hawaii

61
Q

DEFINE Open Door Policy

A

China trade open to all nations equally

62
Q

DEFINE Bozer Rebellion

A

Revolt in China to end foreign influence in country

63
Q

DEFINE Opium War

A

conflict between Britian and China over Britian opium trade in China

64
Q

China’s INTERNAL problems

A

Population rise: not enough food

Taiping Rebellion: 20 million deaths

Reliance on traditional customs (Qing dynasty): internal division

Boxer Rebellion: faith contrast

65
Q

China’s EXTERNAL problems

A

Limited trading to Guangzhou: increase frustration

Opium Addiction- reliance on foreign trade

Introduction to the Open Door Policy- at the mercy of foreign powers

66
Q

DEFINE Treaty of Kanagawa

A

Japan opens two trading ports to United States

67
Q

DEFINE Meiji Era

A

Mutshito rule and modernize

68
Q

DEFINE Russo-Japanese War

A

Japan captured Russia Pacific and Baltic fleet

69
Q

What efforts resulted in the end of Japanese Isolationism?

A

Steamships and cannons from United States’ threat tactic

70
Q

What was the legacy of Emperor Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor?

A

Modern economy –> enlighten rule

71
Q

What influences did Japan take from Western nations when reforming its nation?

A

`Civilization and industralization

72
Q

What led to the Sino-Japanese Was and Japenese influence in Manchuria?

A

Fight over Korea

73
Q

How did Japan’s harsh rule lead to strong Nationalist movements within Korea?

A

United Koreans as one over strong hate toward Japan

Industrialism & Imperialism (1 decks)

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