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Industrialism & Imperialism Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE Industrial Revolution

A

Refers to shift of production from hand-made goods to machine-made goods

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2
Q

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

A

Agricultural Advancements: Exclosure movement & crop rotation

Inventions: Increased Production

Improvements in transportation: Moved more people and goods & jobs could be further away

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3
Q

Inventions in America that contributed to Industrial Revolution

A

-Reaper
-Telegraph
-Foot treadle
-Telephone

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4
Q

DEFINE Urbanization

A

Cities building & people moving to cities from rural areas

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5
Q

DEFINE Middle Class

A

Social class made of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

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6
Q

Problems of Industrialization

A

-Child Labor
-Poor living & working conditions

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7
Q

What are larger effects of Industrialism?

A

Poor living conditions: no sanitary codes or building codes and diseases spread

Poor working conditions: long hours, work-related injuries, and cheap payment for labor

Class tensions between middle and working class: middle class took over factory jobs, replacing the working class jobs with machines

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8
Q

DEFINE Laissez Faire

A

economic policy where workers set working conditions themselves; left alone

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9
Q

DEFINE Adam Smith

A

Professor who defended free economy and markes & wrote a book

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10
Q

DEFINE Capitalism

A

Economic policy where production is privately owned and money invested into business ventures

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11
Q

DEFINE Utilitarianism

A

Government actions useful only if the greatest good is for greatest number of people

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12
Q

DEFINE Socialism

A

Factors of production owned by public and operate for welfare of all

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13
Q

DEFINE Karl Marx

A

Introduced theories and Marxism and communist supporter

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14
Q

DEFINE Communism

A

all means of production owned by people and goods are shared

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15
Q

DEFINE Unions

A

Association of workers formed to bargin better working conditions

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16
Q

DEFINE Strike

A

Refusal to work unless needs are met

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17
Q

DEFINE Jane Adams

A

Created settlement houses for women
-referred to as Hen Houses

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18
Q

Characteristics of Capitalism

A
  1. Individuals and businesses own property and means of production
  2. Consumers compete to buy best goods at lowest prices
    –> Competition shapes market by what is being sold
  3. Government shouldn’t interfere in economy because competition creates efficiency in buisness
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19
Q

Characteristics of Socialism

A
  1. Community or state own property and means of production
  2. Unequal distrabution of wealth and material goods
  3. Distribute goods according to each individual need
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20
Q

What kind of society did early socialists want? Did this change over time?

A

Wanted government to plan economy ending poverty and promote equality

–>Later changed to communist beliefs

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21
Q

What were the main problems faced by the unions during the 1800s, and how did they overcome them?

A

Combination Acts outlawing protests and strikes

–> American Federation of Labor (AFL) helped improve conditions

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22
Q

Why did the labor reform movement spread to other areas of life?

A

Rose in response to negative impact of industrialization and ideas of French Revolution

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23
Q

Why might women abolitionists have headed the movement for women’s rights?

A

Women were recieving 1/3 of payment men recieved

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24
Q

How might Marxism be applied to the 1800’s? Today?

A

1800’s: inequalities in society based on social class differences

Today: exploitation is present in capitalist systems

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25
DEFINE Imperialism
Seizure of country/territory by stronger country RESULT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
26
DEFINE Social Darwinism
Evolution and natural selection applied to human society
27
DEFINE Berlin Conference
Meeting that laid rules for division of Africa with 15 EU countries present and 0 African repsentativies
28
DEFINE Shaka
Used highly disciplined warriors and good military to take over large centralized state
29
Describe people of Africa before European domination. In what ways were they safe from early colonization efforts?
They had large empires and independent villages and controlled their own trade networks Disease and geography killed colonists
30
What motivated/promoted European nations to imperialize Africa?
Economics, politics, and social and RACISM!!
31
DEFINE Zulus
South Africans
32
DEFINE Boers
Dutch settlers in Africa
33
What happened in Boer War?
Boers used guerilla tactics British used concentration camps --> British won and starts efforts to change Africa life
34
DEFINE -ism
Belief in something
35
DEFINE Paternalism
Government way of providing peoples' needs without giving them rights
36
DEFINE Assimilation
The idea that in time local populations will adopt new culture and become like them
37
DESCRIBE Indirect Control
-Local government officals used - Limited self-rule -Goal to develop future leaders -Government institutions based on European style with local rules
38
DESCRIBE Direct Control
-Foreign officals rule -No self-rule - Goal is assimilation -Government institutions based ONLY on European styles
39
Colony Imperialism definition and example
Country or territory governed internally by foreign power ex: Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony
40
Protectorate Imperialism definition and example
Country or terrirory with its own internal government but under control of outside power
41
Protectorate Imperialism definition and example
Country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of outside power ex: Britian established a protectorate over Niger River delta
42
Sphere of Influence Imperialism definition and example
Area where outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges ex: Liberia under Sphere of Influence of United States
43
Economic Imperialism definition and example
Independent but less-developed country controlled by private businesses interests rather than other government ex: Dole Fruit company controlled [inneapple trade in Hawaii
44
Successful and unseccessful results from African resistance
Successful: Ethiopia --> Menelik II led, Battle of Adowa, pitted Italy, Britian, and France against each other Unseccessful: Algeria --> Maji-maji, 15,000 casulaties
45
DEFINE Sepoy
Indian soldiers fighting for British
46
DEFINE Raj
Refers to British rule after India under British crown during Queen Victoria
47
Why was India known as the "Jewel in the Crown" to the British?
India was major raw materials supplier and large population good for Britian made goods
48
What influence did outside conflicts and wars have on trade goods in India?
When other suppliers were cut off, Indian exports rose
49
What positive and negative impacts were there from British rule in India?
Negative: Britian restricted Indian owned industries Positive: Building railroads gave India a modern economy
50
What were the causes and effects of the Sepony Mutiny
Indians feared conversion to Christianity and British jailed those who disobeyed British took direct command of India
51
What fueled the rise of Nationalism in India?
Fear of outsiders continuing to control India
52
DEFINE Annexation
Adding of region to terriroty of an existing political unit
53
DEFINE Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii's only queen who made a new constitution increasing her power
54
What made nations along the Pacific Rim particularly valuable to colonizers?
-Location along sea route to China -Tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil
55
British area of colonial influence
Malay Peninsula and Burma
56
Dutch area of colonial influence
Dutch East Indies --> entire island chain of Indonesia
57
French area of colonial influence
French Indochina
58
Portuguese area of colonial influence
Malacca
59
Spanish area of colonial influence
Philippines
60
United States area of colonial influence
Philippines and Hawaii
61
DEFINE Open Door Policy
China trade open to all nations equally
62
DEFINE Bozer Rebellion
Revolt in China to end foreign influence in country
63
DEFINE Opium War
conflict between Britian and China over Britian opium trade in China
64
China's INTERNAL problems
Population rise: not enough food Taiping Rebellion: 20 million deaths Reliance on traditional customs (Qing dynasty): internal division Boxer Rebellion: faith contrast
65
China's EXTERNAL problems
Limited trading to Guangzhou: increase frustration Opium Addiction- reliance on foreign trade Introduction to the Open Door Policy- at the mercy of foreign powers
66
DEFINE Treaty of Kanagawa
Japan opens two trading ports to United States
67
DEFINE Meiji Era
Mutshito rule and modernize
68
DEFINE Russo-Japanese War
Japan captured Russia Pacific and Baltic fleet
69
What efforts resulted in the end of Japanese Isolationism?
Steamships and cannons from United States' threat tactic
70
What was the legacy of Emperor Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor?
Modern economy --> enlighten rule
71
What influences did Japan take from Western nations when reforming its nation?
`Civilization and industralization
72
What led to the Sino-Japanese Was and Japenese influence in Manchuria?
Fight over Korea
73
How did Japan's harsh rule lead to strong Nationalist movements within Korea?
United Koreans as one over strong hate toward Japan

Industrialism & Imperialism (1 decks)

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