Industrialism and Imperialism Flashcards
What came first, the industrial revolution or scientific revolution?
Scientific.
What emphasized the use of larger machinery?
The use of coal, iron, and the employment of men, women, and children in factories.
Describe the scientific revolution.
1) It relied less of the man who had no formal scientific training.
2) It focused more on producing new commodities than rectifying the old ones.
3) It was faster to affect a larger amount of people, and revolutionary in how it affected people’s lives.
What separated the old age from the new?
The impact of scientific and technological advance on society, both national and international.
What pieces of new technology helped transform society?
The internal combustion engine, the airplane, the typewriter, the microphone, the bicycle, cheap mass-circulation newsprint, and the telephone.
When did industrialization start to exert its influence? How much did it affect society?
It was around 1900 that industrialization started to take affect. It transformed society so much so that even the well-to-do in the previous generation had been compelled to make shift.
What did new processes boosted productivity in the industrialized world?
New materials, new power sources, applied scientific knowledge to industry, the introduction of electricity as a source of hear, light, and power, and the transformation of the chemical industry.
What other areas of society did this period see improved?
Hygiene, nutrition, and medicine.
What made the provision of cheap foods easier?
Main railroad systems, steamships of large tonnage, and the perfection refrigeration techniques.
What did industrialization force small family-owned businesses to do?
It made them obsolete. By favoring rationalization and management, the formation of large trusts and cartels overtook the smaller family-owned businesses.
What happened to smaller industrial plants from 1880 to 1914?
The number of small industrial plants, employing five workmen or less, declined by half, while the larger factories employing fifty or more, doubled.
What was common in industrializing countries?
The herding of mill-hands and factory workers.
