Industrialisation: Growth of Industrialisation Flashcards
Laissez-Faire: What act made striking impossible, thus increasing labour exploitation?
the 1799 and 1800 Combination Acts which banned forming TUs
Laissez-Faire: What act made it illegal to not complete a Quota?
The 1923 Master and Servant Act - failure to fulfil a contract of work could be punishable by imprisonment.
Laissez-Faire: What act was repealed that meant businesses could now self-regulate what they payed their workers?
1813 Repeal of the statue of Artificers (Had once provided regulation of wages and working conditions since 1563)
Growth of Middle Class: What was a member of the ‘Middle Class’?
New class which consisted of ‘self-made’ men who earned their wealth from the trades and developing industries that grew up along side them
Growth of Middle Class: What was the policy they based their behaviour on?
Adam Smith’s principals of free trade. profiteering and competitiveness
Growth of Middle Class: how much did the middle class increase by?
1816-1831 increased by 75% from 160,000 to 214,000
Growth of Middle Class: Example of a middle class success story?
Richard Arkwright: invented the water frame invention, and retired with a personal fortune of £500,000 and a knighthood.
Growth of Banks: By how much did banks grow in the period?
from 115 in 1784 to 800 in 1808.
Growth of Banks: How many Joint stock banks were there nationwide?
1866: there were 154 joint-stock Banks with 850 branches nationwide.
Growth of Banks: How did Banks assist growth in technology?
Could expand, Greater investment into the countries commercial technology accessibility i.e. smaller businesses and general firms could access new tech.
Growth of Banks: How did Banks assist the Middle Class?
large source of capital, the banks assisted aspiring entrepreneurs
Growth of Banks: How did Banks assist farmers?
Instead of sitting on gained wealth, farmers could now invest in new technologies to further expand output and thus boost profits.
Geographical Diversity: how many miles of turnpike and tollgate roads were there?
1836: 22,000 miles of turnpiked roads had been laid in England (20% of the total mileage.
Geographical Diversity: what was the state of the canal and river systems?
1830: for every 16 miles of turnpike road, 1 mile of river navigation and 2 miles of canal had been completed
Geographical Diversity: what rail line was the first to be open to both passengers and cargo?
Liverpool to Manchester in 1830
Geographical Diversity: How many miles of track had been laid down by 1850
6000 miles of track by 1850
Geographical Diversity: What Canal line increased its passengers massively by 1836?
Forth-Clyde Canal
Increased from 44,000 passengers in 1812 to nearly 200,000 in 1836.
Growth of Towns and Cities: What was the difference in percentage of National Capital invested in industry between 1760 and 1860?
5% invested in 1760
26% invested in 1860
Growth of Towns and Cities: What % of the population lived in towns by 1880?
25% of the population lived in towns by 1880
Growth of Towns and Cities: What was the change in the rate of growth of urban areas in % between 1801 and 1851?
23-29% from 1801 and 1851.
Growth of Towns and Cities: What invention meant that Factories could expand to certain points in the country they previously couldn’t before 1760?
the Steam engine, meant that Factories no longer relied on Hydropower and so could be built in places without a body of water.
Growth of Middle Class: How many goods did the British manufacturers make (£) by 1811 and how much of it was exported?
£130 million
£40 million exported
