Industrialisation: Growth of Industrialisation

Question 1

Laissez-Faire: What act made striking impossible, thus increasing labour exploitation?

Answer 1

the 1799 and 1800 Combination Acts which banned forming TUs

Question 2

Laissez-Faire: What act made it illegal to not complete a Quota?

Answer 2

The 1923 Master and Servant Act - failure to fulfil a contract of work could be punishable by imprisonment.

Question 3

Laissez-Faire: What act was repealed that meant businesses could now self-regulate what they payed their workers?

Answer 3

1813 Repeal of the statue of Artificers (Had once provided regulation of wages and working conditions since 1563)

Question 4

Growth of Middle Class: What was a member of the ‘Middle Class’?

Answer 4

New class which consisted of ‘self-made’ men who earned their wealth from the trades and developing industries that grew up along side them

Question 5

Growth of Middle Class: What was the policy they based their behaviour on?

Answer 5

Adam Smith’s principals of free trade. profiteering and competitiveness

Question 6

Growth of Middle Class: how much did the middle class increase by?

Answer 6

1816-1831 increased by 75% from 160,000 to 214,000

Question 7

Growth of Middle Class: Example of a middle class success story?

Answer 7

Richard Arkwright: invented the water frame invention, and retired with a personal fortune of £500,000 and a knighthood.

Question 8

Growth of Banks: By how much did banks grow in the period?

Answer 8

from 115 in 1784 to 800 in 1808.

Question 9

Growth of Banks: How many Joint stock banks were there nationwide?

Answer 9

1866: there were 154 joint-stock Banks with 850 branches nationwide.

Question 10

Growth of Banks: How did Banks assist growth in technology?

Answer 10

Could expand, Greater investment into the countries commercial technology accessibility i.e. smaller businesses and general firms could access new tech.

Question 11

Growth of Banks: How did Banks assist the Middle Class?

Answer 11

large source of capital, the banks assisted aspiring entrepreneurs

Question 12

Growth of Banks: How did Banks assist farmers?

Answer 12

Instead of sitting on gained wealth, farmers could now invest in new technologies to further expand output and thus boost profits.

Question 13

Geographical Diversity: how many miles of turnpike and tollgate roads were there?

Answer 13

1836: 22,000 miles of turnpiked roads had been laid in England (20% of the total mileage.

Question 14

Geographical Diversity: what was the state of the canal and river systems?

Answer 14

1830: for every 16 miles of turnpike road, 1 mile of river navigation and 2 miles of canal had been completed

Question 15

Geographical Diversity: what rail line was the first to be open to both passengers and cargo?

Answer 15

Liverpool to Manchester in 1830

Question 16

Geographical Diversity: How many miles of track had been laid down by 1850

Answer 16

6000 miles of track by 1850

Question 17

Geographical Diversity: What Canal line increased its passengers massively by 1836?

Answer 17

Forth-Clyde Canal

Increased from 44,000 passengers in 1812 to nearly 200,000 in 1836.

Question 18

Growth of Towns and Cities: What was the difference in percentage of National Capital invested in industry between 1760 and 1860?

Answer 18

5% invested in 1760

26% invested in 1860

Question 19

Growth of Towns and Cities: What % of the population lived in towns by 1880?

Answer 19

25% of the population lived in towns by 1880

Question 20

Growth of Towns and Cities: What was the change in the rate of growth of urban areas in % between 1801 and 1851?

Answer 20

23-29% from 1801 and 1851.

Question 21

Growth of Towns and Cities: What invention meant that Factories could expand to certain points in the country they previously couldn’t before 1760?

Answer 21

the Steam engine, meant that Factories no longer relied on Hydropower and so could be built in places without a body of water.

Question 22

Growth of Middle Class: How many goods did the British manufacturers make (£) by 1811 and how much of it was exported?

Answer 22

£130 million

£40 million exported