Industrial Techniques of Polymerization Flashcards
A type of polymerization process that occurs in a single uniform phase. This indicates that every element in the reaction vessel—the monomers, initiators, solvents, and the growing polymer chains—is miscible and well mixed.
homogeneous polymerization
It is the simplest technique and gives a high purity of polymer. The monomer is in liquid phase and the initiator, and the chain transfer agent is dissolved in the monomer thus the system is in homogeneous phase.
Bulk Polymerization
The rate of polymerization of a liquid monomer may be followed by monitoring the change in volume by dilatometry or the increase in viscosity
autoacceleration
This gell effect causes the formation of usually high molecular weight polymers because of the increased viscosity that results in autoacceleartation is advantageous for cast plastics but nor for those that must be molded or extruded.
Norris-Trommsdorff
The heat problem in bulk polymerization can be solved using
_____ due to the use of solvent or water.
solution polymerization
In solution polymerization, the ____ and ______ must be soluble in the solvent
initiator; monomer
Is a polymerization that involves two or more phases either during or after the polymerization process.
Heterogeneous polymerization
There is an aqueous continuous phase consisting of initiator and nonaqueous discontinues phase consisting of monomer and polymer are present
Emulsion polymerization
Assumes that only one propagating chain or one terminated chain can exist inside the micelles at any time.
Smith-Ewart Kinetics
Is an emulsion polymerization that uses aqueous solution of hydrophilic monomer emulsified in a continues oil phase using water-in-oil emulsifier.
Inverse emulsion system
The decomposition of peroxide type initiators in aqueous system is greatly accelerated by the presence of reducing agents
Redox Initiation
Refers to polymerization in an aqueous system with a water-insoluble monomer as a dispersed phase, resulting in polymer as a dispersed solid phase.
Suspension polymerization
Radical occlusion occurs but the depth of radical penetration into the polymer particles is small, limiting radical activity to thin surface layers in larger particles present at higher conversions.
precipitation polymerization
A large number of olefin and cyclic monomers can be polymerized from the crystalline solid state allowing ______ polymerization
solid-phase
A crucial process in the production of
olefins, particularly polyethylene and polypropylene, utilizing innovative techniques and catalyst systems
Gas-phase polymerization
It is a gas-phase polymerization process that enables the continuous production of polymer in a single reactor
Unipol process
Refers to the process of forming surface films. It occurs rapidly in the gas phase, resulting in powder formation,
Plasma polymerization
Describes the process of depositing powdery particles formed in the gas
phase. It encompasses any sorption occurring on the surface.
deposition
A form of “living” polymerization that involves the polymerization of α, β-unsaturated esters (primarily acrylates and methacrylates), ketones, nitriles, or amides initiated by silyl ketene acetals.
Group-transfer polymerization
