Industrial Safety Final Flashcards by Edwin Marroquin

What are the three lines of defense?

Engineering Controls,
Work-Practice Controls,
PPE

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What are some alternatives to ventilation?

Instead of cutting fluid use high pressure water
Instead of machining, forge or die cast
Instead of welding, Crimp or friction stir weld
Water based solvents vs hazardous solvents
Put paint booth in another building
Bead blaster vs sand blaster (silicosis)

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What is a ventilation system for?

To remove particulates from the area to reduce the hazard

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Design Principles; should a ventilation system be very strong?

Ventilation systems cannot be so strong that they suck everything up making the work impossible

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What are the four factors of design principles?

Volume, flow, velocity, and design

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What does ASHRAE stand for?

American Society of Heating, refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

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What factors must AC/Heat engineers consider when designing systems?

Air contaminates, carbon dioxide and overall air quality.

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Is carbon dioxide a real concern in an office building?

Yes because too many workers and a poor system will result in little oxygen.

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Why is air control humidity important?

Moisture and condensation in the system and air can create mold and this impacts workers along with preservation of materials/processes.

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What is a decibel?

Unit of measuare in reference to sound-pressure intensity

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What scale do sound meters read on and how are they written?

A-Weighted scale and are written as DBA

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What is a flammable Liquid, Flashpoint and Firepoint?

Liquid- a substance that is liquid except for propane/butane which are gasses because they have a vapor pressure in excess of 40 pounds
Flashpoint- It is the point at which a flammable liquid must be heated to give a flash at the surface when a spark or flame is applied to it
Firepoint- Different than flashpoint because the flame stays

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Boiling Point; what is the 10% point

The point the temperature at which 10% of the liquid has become a gas

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What is the Initial Boil point?

The temperature at which the first drop of liquid has become gas.

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What is volatility?

How readily will a liquid evaporate

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In 1988 what did the EPA crack down on?

Underground tanks, required monitoring, spill protection, and shutoffs

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Why use LPG instead of gas? What is the conversion?

Cheaper to transport. 1 gallon LPG=270 gallons of gas, 1:270

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What is a drawback of LPG?

Expansion rate when heat is introduced making it hard to contain

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In 1990’s what problems did OSHA address?

The non-standardization of the use of PPE and a requirement for employers to determine if PPE was required or not for various jobs and locations of the company

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What three factors are used to select respirator equipment

Size, critical fit, proper use

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What does PPE training cover?

Limitations, how to use the equipment, care and maintenance, documentation with names dates and completion certificate

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What jobs require proper eye protection?

Grinding, drill press, lathes, corrosives, and machining

Will a gas mask help you in an oxygen deficient environment?

No.

What does IDL stand for?

Immediately dangerous to life.

What is PEL and does impact respirator selection?

Permissible Exposure Limit; and yes it dictates the type of respirator needed

What are two types of respirators?

Air Purifying devices and atmosphere supplying respirators

Personal Screening what is the first and second steps? What are somethings to not ask and who would be a bad choice to be on a rescue team?

Identify who needs to be screened, then use a questionnaire but ensure no HEPA or ADA questions are asked. Bad choice, people with claustrophobia, epileptics, and diabetics.

What is engulfment and how can it kill you?

When a worker is on top of a pile or sand and the more they move the lower they sink. It can kill you by dust inhalation and suffocation.

what are some factors in the industrial fire protection standards?

Fire extinguisher type/ selection and placement Fire alarm signaling systems fixed extinguishing systems, water/foam

What are the 3 fields of Fire Protection?

Fire Prevention, Fire Suppression, Personal Protection or escape

What are the five most dangerous industries from a fire standpoint?

``` Mines, grain elevators, mills refineries, chemical plants ```

What are 4 things that can be said about Dust Explosions?

They are a serious hazard Priority should be given to minimize combustible dusts Corrective actions after a major incident are essential Prevention is an important ingredient in a fire program

Effective fire prevention requires anticipation of which sources?

``` Overheating bearings Hot machinery Process Clogged or dirty filters or ventilation clogged ducts with flammable or combustible particles ```

Bags, containers, or bundles stored in tiers shall be, "blank, blank, blank and blank in height

stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited

While companies are building up or stockpiling for a boost in sales, wares can suffer from what four dangers?

Overcrowding Piles getting higher Aisles become blocked Fire escapes blocked

OSHA estimates there are how many forklift trucks nationwide?

1 million

Besides forklifts what are some others industrial vehicles?

``` Tractors Platform lift motorized hand farm tractors earth moving trucks over the road hauling ```

What is the allowable PPM for forklifts

50ppm

What are three considerations for fueling and recharging forklifts?

Non-smoking area Refueling station is there fire extinguishers, spill over protection and water oil separator nearby?

What are three key questions to consider in forklift operation:

Are operators leaving engines running? Can the layout of a warehouse be revised to reduce concentrations Are faulty or worn-out life trucks creating more emissions than necessary?

What revisions were made to the Power Industrial Standard in 1999?

Operator training standardization with practical training OJT evaluation of workers performance. Responsibility on employer to ensure trainees are competent. Instructors must be qualified and capable of training to hazards.

Forklift Training Program should consist of what 3 factors?

Formal instruction Practical training Evaluation of the operators performance in the workplace

What are some forklift related topics to be covered in a training program?

Operating instructions, warnings and precautions | Visibility, operating limitations, Steering

What are six requirements for Safe Guards

``` Prevent contact Secure so it cannot be easily moved protect from falling objects create no new hazards create no interference allows safe lubrication ```

What are four methods to machine safeguarding and give some examples?

Guards-fixed, interlocked, adjustable Devices- presence sensing, pull back, restraints, gates Location-Distance Feeding and ejection methods-Robots

What are the three biggest troublespots on grinding machines and define the sizing for two of these.

Upper gap, must be less than 1/4inch Workrest gap, must be less than 1/8inch Guard must cover spindle, end , nut and flange

Define Welder and Welder operator

mean any operator of electric or gas welding and cutting equipment

For welders, what does approved mean?

Means listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing lab.

When are fire watchers needed?

when combustibles are closer than 35 feet when combustibles are further than 35 feet but easily ignited by sparks at least 30 minutes after the completion of welding/cutting

What are the six effects and ranges of AC electricity on the human body?

``` More than 3mA-Painful shock More than 10mA-muscle contraction More than 30mA- lung paralysis More than 50mA-fribrillation 100mA-4A- certain fibriliation Over 4A-Heart Paralysis ```

What is the minimum service headroom for panels?

6 feet 3inches

Name some OSHA standards

1910. 102-Acetylene 1910. 104 Oxygen 1926. 352 Fire Prevention

Name some National fire protection association standards:

NFPA 10-Portable Fire extinguishers NFPA 50- Bulk oxygen systems at consumer sites NFPA 70-National electric code NPA-51A-Acetylene fuels gas systems for welding NFPA51B- Fire prevention