Industrial Revolution Vocab

Question 1

A faster way to power machines and transportation

Answer 1

Steam Engine

Question 2

A tax on imported goods

Answer 2

Tariff

Question 3

A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically & less farmers were needed

Answer 3

Agricultural Revolution

Question 4

the human practice of mating animals or plants that have certain desired traits - like 2 fat cows

Answer 4

Selective breeding

Question 5

Part of agricultural revolution - mechanizes planting

Answer 5

Tull’s seed drill

Question 6

In England - common land is fenced off and sold to large farms, forcing small farmers to search for jobs in urban areas

Answer 6

Enclosure Acts

Question 7

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Answer 7

Urbanization

Question 8

an artificial waterway used for transportation

Answer 8

Canal

Question 9

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Answer 9

Industrial Revolution

Question 10

road on which tolls are collected - generally in better condition, allowing for faster transportation

Answer 10

Turnpike

Question 11

This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production - spins cotton into thread

Answer 11

Spinning Jenny

Question 12

Large building to house machine manufacturing

Answer 12

Factory

Question 13

Invented the steam engine

Answer 13

James Watt

Question 14

Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.

Answer 14

Crystal Palace

Question 15

Queen of England during the Industrial Revolution - encouraged collaboration between government and middle class, encouraged elegance and modesty for women

Answer 15

Queen Victoria

Question 16

Person who protested mechanization - generally afraid machines would take their jobs. Often protested through sabotage

Answer 16

Luddite

Question 17

First steam powered locomotive

Answer 17

The Rocket

Question 18

A device that used electrical signals to send messages quickly over long distances

Answer 18

Telegraph

Question 19

Allowed for faster transportation of people and goods overland using steam-powered engines

Answer 19

Railroad

Question 20

Major industrial center in England

Answer 20

Manchester

Question 21

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company’s profits and debts.

Answer 21

joint-stock company

Question 22

money for investment

Answer 22

Capital

Question 23

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Answer 23

Capitalism

Question 24

Explained modern capitalism

Answer 24

Adam Smith

Question 25

founder of modern communism - based on trying to improve horrible condition of workers during early stages of Industrialization

Answer 25

Karl Marx

Question 26

a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

Answer 26

Communism

Question 27

Restricted child labor in textile mills - one of the first labor laws in England

Answer 27

Factory Act of 1833

Question 28

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Answer 28

Labor Union

Question 29

A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers - generally have enough money to have savings, and food security

Answer 29

Middle class

Question 30

an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food - major problem in early industrial cities, led to government investment in sewers and sanitation

Answer 30

Cholera

Question 31

It extended the franchise so that more men could vote

Answer 31

1832 Reform Act

Question 32

Cloth - earliest industry mechanized (after farming)

Answer 32

Textile

Question 33

Tariff on imported foreign corn to protect domestic corn farmers -good for large farming businesses, bad for poor urban workers because it made food more expensive

Answer 33

Corn Laws

Question 34

System where the government collects increased taxes to provide social services to citizens.

Answer 34

Socialism

Question 35

maintaining a clean condition in order to promote hygiene and prevent disease

Answer 35

Sanitation

Question 36

Reformers who wanted changes like universal male suffrage; the secret ballot; and payment for members of Parliament, so that even workingmen could afford to enter politics. This group supported a document called the People's Charter.

Answer 36

Chartist

Question 37

A preoccupation with the purchasing of material goods.

Answer 37

Consumerism

Question 37

Precursor to factories - making things in your house to sell

Answer 37

Cottage industry

Question 38

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy - generally tied to capitalism

Answer 38

Laissez-faire

Question 39

the practice of making high-risk investments with borrowed money in hopes of getting a big return

Answer 39

Speculation

Question 40

Requiring students to go to publicly funded elementary schools instead of work

Answer 40

Elementary education act

Question 41

Hand operated machine which increased the speed of weaving

Answer 41

Kay's flying shuttle

Question 42

1819 protest for political rights and better working conditions - government troops shot protesters killing 18 and wounding over 700

Answer 42

Peterloo

Question 43

1834 law that set up workhouses for the poor separated by gender with low wages making it very difficult for the poor to save up and move out

Answer 43

New Poor Law

Question 44

Established by member of Parliament Sadler to research and report on the conditions of the Industrial working class - helped lead to the 1833 Factory Act

Answer 44

Sadler Committee

Question 45

1830-1 Protests in Southern England over agricultural working conditions and a lack of industrial jobs in the South

Answer 45

Captain Swing Riots

Question 46

1790s political clubs asking for democratic reforms

Answer 46

London Corresponding Society

Question 47

In 1799 banned trade unions or any political society promoting political reform

Answer 47

Combination Act

Question 48

Radical political speaker advocating voting rights for the working class - spoke at Peterloo

Answer 48

Henry Hunt

Question 49

British political party supporting Parliamentary power, and reforms like the 1832 Great Reform, ending rotten boroughs, ending slavery and the 1834 Poor Law

Answer 49

Whigs

Question 50

Leader of Whigs in Parliament supporting 1832 reform Act

Answer 50

Lord Charles Grey

Question 51

Conservative British political party favoring the power of the aristocracy and landed gentry over the radical ideas of the French Republic - also focused on sanitation and fiscal responsibility. Led by William Pitt the Younger and controlled Parliament from 1783-1830

Answer 51

Tory

Question 52

Area that still has a large representation in Parliament despite the fact that many of the residents have moved out - often applied to areas in the south as populations moved to northern industrial towns looking for jobs - allowed southern agricultural regions to have outsized representation in Parliament

Answer 52

Rotten Borough