Industrial Revolution Test Review

Question 1

Laissez-faire economics

Answer 1

This is a term that refers to the policy allowing industrial owners as well as business owners set their own working conditions without interference.

Question 2

Adam Smith

Answer 2

Adam was a professor at the university of Glasgow located in Scotland. He wrote a book called the Wealth of Nations, which he defended the idea of a free economy and free markets.

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

Capitalism is a economic system in which production factors are owned privately as well as money being invested in company ventures to make profit.

Question 4

Thomas Malthus

Answer 4

Thomas wrote an essay called Principle of population, in which he argued how the population was growing faster than the food supply and if it wasn’t for the wars and diseases killing off the people a lot of them would be living a bad health conditions with lots of hunger.

Question 5

David Ricardo

Answer 5

A wealthy stockbroker who wrote a book called Principles of Political Economy and taxation where he took Malthus’s theory much further. he believed that there would always be a lower class with less money.

Question 6

Utilitarianism

Answer 6

Jeremey Bentham introduced this new way of thinking. Utilitarianism has some changed from the Laissez-faire economics beliefs. People believed that the government should promote the greatest good for the most must of people at all times. Also, people should judge ideas based on utility and usefulness.

Question 7

John Stuart Mill

Answer 7

John was a philosopher an and economist who led an utilitarian movement during the late 1800’s. He question unregulated capitalism and had concerns with the way workers lived.

Question 8

Socialism

Answer 8

This was a statement/belief that the public owned the factors of production and these factors of production had to operate for the welfare of all.

Question 9

Robert Owen

Answer 9

Robert was a british factory owner who improved the working conditions of his workers. houses were built and rented out at a low price to his workers and under age working as prohibited as well as free schooling.

Question 10

Karl Marx

Answer 10

A german journalist who introduced marxism in his they stated their ideas in the communist manifesto a 23 page pamphlet.
- More information in packet…

Question 11

Friedrich Engels

Answer 11

Frederich’s father owned a textile mill. He was also german and helped participate in the Communist Manifesto.

Question 12

Communism

Answer 12

Communism was socialism but all the production items such as land, mines, railroads, factories, and businesses are owned by the people. All good and services would be shared equally.

Question 13

Unions

Answer 13

Voluntary labor associations were called unions. Unions spoke for all the workers in a specific unit of trade.

Question 14

Strike

Answer 14

Workers would do this in other words they would stop working until they received whatever they were protesting for, more money or more rights in the factories etc.

Question 15

Ruhr Valley

Answer 15

This place was located in in western central Germany. This valley had coal and iron mine deposits.

Question 16

Corporation

Answer 16

A business owned by people who hold stocks and they safer the profits.

Question 17

Stock

Answer 17

entropeanuers hold shares of these…. These are certain rights of ownership… shares of a company…

Question 18

Frances Cabot Lowell

Answer 18

Frances and four other investors revolutionized the american textile industry.

Question 19

Samuel Slater

Answer 19

He was a young british mill worker who built a spring wheel from memory and a partial design.

Question 20

Luddites

Answer 20

These were a group of workers who were named after and followed Ned Ludd. Together they destroyed machinery that they thought were taking over their jobs.

Question 21

Factory Act of 1819

Answer 21

The restriction of working age and hours was stated in this act. This needed happen ebacsue kids were being over worked and adults were working to long in a bad environment for their health.

Question 22

Alexis de Tocqueville

Answer 22

He was a french writer who visited Manchester.

Question 23

Middle Class

Answer 23

The middle class was a social class that was made up of professionals, businessmen, merchants, and wealthy farmers.

Question 24

Mary Barton

Answer 24

This is a fiction read that portrays the life of a person living in a urban society.

Question 25

Urbanization

Answer 25

Urbanization is the process of city building and the movement of people to cities.

Question 26

Entrepreneur

Answer 26

An entrepreneur is a person who takes on the risks of managing a business as well as organizing and managing one.

Question 27

George Stephenson

Answer 27

George was an engineer who built engined for mine operations. he began to work on the first railroad line.

Question 28

John McAdam

Answer 28

John was a Scottish engineer who improved the traveling of roads by equipping road beds.

Question 29

Richard Arkwright

Answer 29

This guy invited the water frame in 1769 which used water to power spinning wheels instead of having them hand spun.

Question 30

James Hargreaves

Answer 30

James was a textile worker who invented a spinning wheel which was able to work eight threads at a time.

Question 31

Matthew Boulton

Answer 31

Watt worked for Boulton in which he made a salary to keep improving engines. Together they sold steam engines.

Question 32

James Watt

Answer 32

Watt was attending the university of Glasgow and was a mathematical instrument maker. He found a way to make the steam engine more efficient.

Question 33

Capital

Answer 33

Capital is another name for wealth.

Question 34

Factors of production

Answer 34

Britain contained land,labor, and capital all which were required things for the industrial revolution to happen. These were also needed for these goods to be produced.

Question 35

Industrialization

Answer 35

This is the process in which goods are produced using machines. Water and coal were used to power these machines, iron orate construct and build the machines,.

Question 36

Crop rotation

Answer 36

This was a process that helped improve the rate at which crops were produced. A seed drill was used for this.

Question 37

Enclosure

Answer 37

An enclosure is a large field surrounded by hedge or fence usually containing crops and different types of plants.

Question 38

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 38

This was the time period when improved farming methods and new innovations were discovered to help make farming super productive as well as successful.

Question 39

Industrial Revolution

Answer 39

The revolution or time period when machines took a lot of the jobs of humans. Goods were being machine made during this time.