Industrial Revolution And The Other Stuff Flashcards
What does the term Industrial Revolution refer to?
The Industrial Revolution describes the period between 1700-1900, marked by significant changes in Britain and parts of the globe.
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on modern life?
Many aspects of modern life, products, and environmental issues can be traced back to this period.
What was the state of farming before the Agricultural Revolution?
Farmers worked 12-16 hours a day, sowing crops by hand and harvesting with a scythe.
Who invented the seed drill and what was its purpose?
Jethro Tull invented the seed drill to make sowing more efficient by planting seeds at regular intervals and depths.
What was Robert Bakewell’s contribution to agriculture?
Robert Bakewell used cross-breeding to improve livestock, increasing the amount of meat and wool produced.
What was the cottage industry?
Before 1771, people worked in cottage industry, producing cloth and other products in their homes.
What was Cromford Mill and who opened it?
Cromford Mill was a purpose-built factory opened by Richard Arkwright in 1771, utilizing large machines powered by water.
How did factories affect skilled workers?
Factories employed many unskilled workers, leading to job losses for skilled spinners and weavers.
What were the working conditions like in factories?
Conditions were poor, with long hours, harsh punishments, and high temperatures.
What was the significance of steam in transportation?
Steam was used in steam ships and locomotives, drastically reducing travel times across distances.
What was the transatlantic slave trade?
The transatlantic slave trade involved the purchase, transportation, and sale of enslaved Africans to the Americas.
How many Africans were forced onto the Middle Passage?
Between 1517 and 1867, about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto the Middle Passage.
What was Adam Smith’s argument regarding slave labor?
Adam Smith argued that slaves worked less hard than paid workers due to lack of incentive.
Who was William Wilberforce and what did he do?
William Wilberforce was an MP who campaigned to ban slavery, leading to the law against the slave trade in 1807.
How did the church control society before the 1700s?
The church controlled people through fear and harsh punishments, limiting personal freedoms.
