Industrial Revolution and Civil Rights movements 2024 Term 2

Question 1

When was the industrial revolution

Answer 1

started in 1760 and continued into the 19th century

Question 2

What was the industrial revolution

Answer 2

the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing

Question 3

where did the industrial revolution take place and why

Answer 3

britain because of its easy access to coal deposits and culture of experimentation

Question 4

once the industrial revolution started, people started moving from rural areas into large cities to find work. what is the process of this called? And why did they move?

Answer 4

urbanization, they moved because the factories being made needed more workers to work in them.

Question 5

why were children so popular for factories employers

Answer 5

because they were so small, could be paid less and could fit easily inside the machines to fix them.

Question 6

what were the main points of the agricultural revolution

Answer 6

enclosed farms replaced subsistence farming, jethro tull’s seed drill, the rotherham plough, and lord turnip townshend’s four crop rotation system

Question 7

what is an agrarian society

Answer 7

one whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland (agriculture)

Question 8

what effect did the seed drill, triangular plough and the four crop rotation system have on the agricultural industry

Answer 8

It made things easier, forced manual labour down, made things more efficient.

Question 9

what was jethro’s seed drill

Answer 9

it did all three; digging, planting and covering. It cut down on the amount of time and manual labour

Question 10

what was the rotherham plough (triangular plough)

Answer 10

Cut down time and used less horses.

Question 11

what was lord turnip townshend’s 4 crop rotation system

Answer 11

before this invention, crop rotation would simply be three fields, 2 for crops and 1 for fallow. farmers would have to kill their livestock in winter because they had nothing to feed them. The four crop rotation system introduced turnips, while still having wheat, barley and clover. The turnips made the soil have lots of nutrients AND gave the livestock something to eat in the winter.

Question 12

what were two of britain’s biggest resources

Answer 12

coal and iron

Question 13

explain the factory act of ______

Answer 13

1833. a new law that came into place to protect children from working in factories.

Question 14

name at least 4 rules of factory act

Answer 14

1. no child workers under nine years of age.
2. Employers must have an age certificate for their child workers
3. children of 9-13 years to work no more than nine hours a day
4. children are not to work at night
5. children of 13-18 years to work no more than 12 hours a day
6. 2 hours of schooling each day for children
7. four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law (in the whole of britain!)

Question 15

what were 2 improvements to the factory act and 2 bad things

Answer 15

it showed change for britain in terms of child labour law, and gave some children who were in fact being over worked, better conditions. Employers could take advantage of these laws, by forcing a kid to work exactly 12 hours a day.

Question 16

What is a trade union

Answer 16

formed in britain (1760-1840) to protect workers ffrom unnecessary risks using dangerous machines, unhealthy work conditions and excessive working hours. Mainly to fight for workers rights. These were outlawed by governments.

Question 17

what were the impacts of railways during the industrial revolution ( name at least 5)

Answer 17

1. turnpike trusts, canals and stage coach companies went bankrupt cause they couldnt compete
2. townspeople were able to revieve meat, fish, milk and veggies brought in while they were fresh by railways.
3. industry grew because of the railways needed coal and iron, railways in turn allowed factories to transport their goods to markets
4. post was sped up
5. newspapers could be sent from london all over the country
6. which then meant people became more interested in politics and this grew to a growth of political parties
7. seaside towns developed rainways and made cheap day trips possible
8. people were able to travel greater distances for leisure and to work

Question 18

what were the pros of the industrial revolution

Answer 18

brought along new equipment and machines made producing food easier, quicker and took less people.

Question 19

what were the cons of the industrial revolution

Answer 19

1. living conditions were bad so more diseases like cholera
2. housing and street design was bad; narrow streets which blocked light and caused crowding.
3. worsened environmental impact with the constant burning of fossil fuels in the new machines.
4. Hygiene was generally bad cause of the horrible sewerage
5. sewerage dumped on the street
6. lack of fresh water

Question 20

why were railways so great

Answer 20

they helped transport goods, like food, newspaper and mail. They made seaside towns for people to visit for leisure.

Question 21

what is a trade union?

Answer 21

groups formed by people in the same field of work, advocating for problems like higher pay, working conditions and being treated farily. These were highly illegal but also beneficial becuase it forced employers to do something

Question 22

what was the factory act of 1833

Answer 22

a list of rules that came into motion to protect the rights of child lebour. It consisted of age, hours worked and schooling rules. Employers would often manipulate these rules

Question 23

what was the triangle trade route

Answer 23

existing between europe, africa and the americas. Europe would take ships filled with goods to africa. They would swap for slaves. arriving in america, theyd swap slaves for leisure goods like sugar and tobacco.

Question 24

what is the united nations

Answer 24

created after the second world war, known as the UN, today its comprised of 193 member nations.

Question 25

when was the united nations formed

Answer 25

1945, after the second world war.

Question 26

why is it important to have an organisation that is bigger than any one nation

Answer 26

1. stops governments mistreating people
2. helps stop wars between countries
3. looks after all the worlds young people

Question 27

describe what ‘the problem we all live with’ by norman rockwell was about

Answer 27

a little girl named ruby bridges, the first african american student to attend an all white school due to desegregation. the photo is of her and 4 body guards following her to make sure no one attacks her (which they did)

Question 28

what was the name of ruby bridges only teacher

Answer 28

barbra henry.

Question 29

what is segregation and desegregation mean

Answer 29

to separate races. to integrate races back together

Question 30

a law was passed in the united states to segregate white and black americans. what year

Answer 30

1877

Question 31

what year did schools become integrated in the US

Answer 31

1954

Question 32

what year was the end of segregation in the US

Answer 32

1964

Question 33

who is rosa parks

Answer 33

she is an african american civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat for a white man. after her arrest black people became inspired and lead a movement. martin luther king lead it.

Question 34

what was the freedom rides of 1961

Answer 34

a group of 13 african american and white civil rights activists ventured on a series of bus trips through the south.

Question 35

when were the US freedom rides

Answer 35

1961

Question 36

what was the purpose of the freedom rides

Answer 36

attempting the integration of facilities at bus terminals along the way into the deep south. the blacks used the whites only bathroom and vice versa.

Question 37

why did the freedom riders chose this service and method

Answer 37

supreme court decision, media coverage, rider travel in group, bus companies were racist

Question 38

how many years after the freedom riders in the US did australia attempt its own. and what year

Answer 38

three years later in 1964 they protested, then in 1965 they went on actual rides

Question 39

what were the freedom riders of 1964 in australia?

Answer 39

a group of university of sydney students protested against racial segregation in the US. this then prompted the public to look in their own backyard if they wanted to see racists

Question 40

where did the freedom riders in australia go

Answer 40

western nsw. as well as moree and gundi!

Question 41

what was the freedom riders of australias purpose

Answer 41

the students planned to draw public attention to the poor state of aboriginal health, education and housing. they also hoped to point media attention towards this issue.

Question 42

who led the freedom riders in australia

Answer 42

the first aboriginal man to graduate university, Charlie Perkins

Question 43

what rsl said what

Answer 43

the vice president of the walgett rsl said he would never let an aboriginal man to become a member