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History Year 9 > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Population of Britain in 1750

A

About seven million

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2
Q

Who % could vote in 1750?

A

Only 5% of men could vote. Women couldn’t

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3
Q

Give three facts about work in Britain 1750

A

80% lived in countryside
Grew food to feed themselves and sell some
Produced goods in workshops attached to their homes

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4
Q

What percent of babies died before 1 year?

Britain 1750

A

15% of babies died before one year

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5
Q

What fraction of mothers would die giving birth?

Britain 1750

A

1/5

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6
Q

Life expectancy in Britain 1750

A

30 years

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7
Q

Give two facts about health in Britain 1750

A

People didn’t know that germs caused disease

Main killers were smallpox and respiratory diseases

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8
Q

Each year a field was left fallow so that the land restored nutrients
Give the change after enclosure

A

New crop rotations with plants that restored the nutrients

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9
Q

Common land allowed animals to mix, making difficult to control breeding+disease
Give the change after enclosure

A

Land was enclosed so animals couldn’t mix.
Disease didn’t spread
Farmers could do selective breeding

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10
Q

Land was enclosed, less land was wasted and machines could be used.
Give the problem with the open field system

A

Too small strips didn’t made machines worthwhile

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11
Q

Many farmers were poor and couldn’t invest

Give the change in agriculture

A

Banks were set up

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12
Q

Land was common and any change had to be agreed by landowners
Give the change after enclosure

A

Land was enclosed so farmers could try new ideas and machines

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13
Q

Name 3 advantages of the Domestic system

A

Better working conditions
People made more effort and took pride on what they did
Home-produced goods (good quality)

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14
Q

Give three disadvantages of the domestic system

A

SLOW production -> time was wasted in moving materials from cottages
Muscle power
Harsh living conditions

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15
Q

Name three Advantages of factory production

A

More+bigger machines
Quick production
Huge profit

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16
Q

Give five disadvantages of factory production

A 
No job rights 
Child labour 
Workers made little money 
Poor health conditions 
Pollution
17
Q

why do businesses grow? (3)

A

Market grows
Production grows
Investment grows

18
Q

Explain why businesses grow

The market grows

A

Market has grown
Money goes into business
Business grows
The business reinvests to have a bigger market

19
Q

Explain why businesses grow

Production grows

A

Factors cause production
There’s an increase in the market because more products can be sold
More money goes into the business for reinvestments

20
Q

Name four factors that cause production to grow

A

Raw materials
transport
workers
technology

21
Q

Explain why businesses grow

investment grows

A

Factors cause investment to grow
business is given money to improve
profits can be reinvested

22
Q

Name three factors that cause investment to grow

A

Banks
Individuals
Profits

23
Q

Entrepeneurs

Darby I

A

Started the businesses
Invented a new way of iron pottery
Great success

24
Q

Entrepeneurs

Darby II

A

Improved the iron (better+cheaper)

Borrowed huge amounts of money and invested

25
Q

Entrepeneurs

Darby III

A

Attracted workers with better conditions

Made Coalbrookdale famous (iron bridge)

26
Q

Entrepeneurs

Josiah Wedgwood

A

Started to work as a potter aged nine
He produced good pottery at low prices
He was a great inventor, he kept his inventions secret
He built a new factory near a canal and a shop in London

27
Q

Entrepeneurs

Richard Arkwright

A

Arkwright invents his own spinning machine
Arkwright partners buy him a patent
Invents his first water-powered factory
Arkwright dies leaving 1/2 million pounds

28
Q

Why would entrepeneurs want children

A

Cheaper
Agile
Easier to manipulate

29
Q

What work did children do?

A

Cleaned machines and other works that didn’t require skill

30
Q

What were apprentices?

A

Usually orphans who were sent to factories
They lived in an apprentice house
weren’t paid

31
Q

What were overseers?

A

People that made sure children worked

The more the children worked, the more they were payed

History Year 9 (12 decks)

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