Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Population of Britain in 1750
About seven million
Who % could vote in 1750?
Only 5% of men could vote. Women couldn’t
Give three facts about work in Britain 1750
80% lived in countryside
Grew food to feed themselves and sell some
Produced goods in workshops attached to their homes
What percent of babies died before 1 year?
Britain 1750
15% of babies died before one year
What fraction of mothers would die giving birth?
Britain 1750
1/5
Life expectancy in Britain 1750
30 years
Give two facts about health in Britain 1750
People didn’t know that germs caused disease
Main killers were smallpox and respiratory diseases
Each year a field was left fallow so that the land restored nutrients
Give the change after enclosure
New crop rotations with plants that restored the nutrients
Common land allowed animals to mix, making difficult to control breeding+disease
Give the change after enclosure
Land was enclosed so animals couldn’t mix.
Disease didn’t spread
Farmers could do selective breeding
Land was enclosed, less land was wasted and machines could be used.
Give the problem with the open field system
Too small strips didn’t made machines worthwhile
Many farmers were poor and couldn’t invest
Give the change in agriculture
Banks were set up
Land was common and any change had to be agreed by landowners
Give the change after enclosure
Land was enclosed so farmers could try new ideas and machines
Name 3 advantages of the Domestic system
Better working conditions
People made more effort and took pride on what they did
Home-produced goods (good quality)
Give three disadvantages of the domestic system
SLOW production -> time was wasted in moving materials from cottages
Muscle power
Harsh living conditions
Name three Advantages of factory production
More+bigger machines
Quick production
Huge profit
Give five disadvantages of factory production
No job rights Child labour Workers made little money Poor health conditions Pollution
why do businesses grow? (3)
Market grows
Production grows
Investment grows
Explain why businesses grow
The market grows
Market has grown
Money goes into business
Business grows
The business reinvests to have a bigger market
Explain why businesses grow
Production grows
Factors cause production
There’s an increase in the market because more products can be sold
More money goes into the business for reinvestments
Name four factors that cause production to grow
Raw materials
transport
workers
technology
Explain why businesses grow
investment grows
Factors cause investment to grow
business is given money to improve
profits can be reinvested
Name three factors that cause investment to grow
Banks
Individuals
Profits
Entrepeneurs
Darby I
Started the businesses
Invented a new way of iron pottery
Great success
Entrepeneurs
Darby II
Improved the iron (better+cheaper)
Borrowed huge amounts of money and invested
Entrepeneurs
Darby III
Attracted workers with better conditions
Made Coalbrookdale famous (iron bridge)
Entrepeneurs
Josiah Wedgwood
Started to work as a potter aged nine
He produced good pottery at low prices
He was a great inventor, he kept his inventions secret
He built a new factory near a canal and a shop in London
Entrepeneurs
Richard Arkwright
Arkwright invents his own spinning machine
Arkwright partners buy him a patent
Invents his first water-powered factory
Arkwright dies leaving 1/2 million pounds
Why would entrepeneurs want children
Cheaper
Agile
Easier to manipulate
What work did children do?
Cleaned machines and other works that didn’t require skill
What were apprentices?
Usually orphans who were sent to factories
They lived in an apprentice house
weren’t paid
What were overseers?
People that made sure children worked
The more the children worked, the more they were payed
