industrial revolution Flashcards
enclosure movement
wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land. The enclosure movement led to improved crop production, such as the rotation of crops.
crop rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of farms is not used to only one type of nutrient. It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield.
industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. … This time period saw the mechanization of agriculture and textile manufacturing and a revolution in power, including steam ships and railroads, that effected social, cultural and economic conditions.
factors of production
Factors of production is an economic term that describes the inputs that are used in the production of goods or services in order to make an economic profit. The factors of production include land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship.
mechanization
Mechanization or mechanisation (British English) is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery. In an early engineering text a machine is defined as follows: … In some fields, mechanization includes the use of hand tools.
factory system
the system of manufacturing that began in the 18th century with the development of the power loom and the steam engine and is based on concentration of industry into large establishments —contrasted with domestic system.
cottage industry
a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person’s home.
entreprenuer
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
tenements
a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
2.
a piece of land held by an owner.
mass production
Mass production is the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently utilizing assembly line technology. Mass production refers to the process of creating large numbers of similar products efficiently.
fordism
Fordism is a term widely used to describe (1) the system of mass production that was pioneered in the early 20th century by the Ford Motor Company or (2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.
corporation
a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
monopoly
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
strikes
hit forcibly and deliberately with one’s hand or a weapon or other implement.
unions
the action or fact of joining or being joined, especially in a political context.
collective
done by people acting as a group.
bargaining
negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction.
Eli Whitney
was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South.
James Watt
was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution
Henry Bessemer
was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century. He also established the town of Sheffield as a major industrial center.
Richard Arkwright
was an inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.
Robert Fulton
was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont.
Samuel Morse
was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.
Henry Ford
was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
