Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Enclosure Movement
The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land.
Crop Rotation
the action of rotating around an axis or center.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
Factors of Production
Factors of production is an economic term that describes the inputs that are used in the production of goods or services in order to make an economic profit.
Mechanization
is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.
Factory System
the system of manufacturing that began in the 18th century with the development of the power loom
Cottage Industry
a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person’s home.
entrepreneur
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
Tenements
a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
Mass Production
Mass production is the manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, frequently utilizing assembly line technology.
Fordism
Fordism is a term widely used to describe (1) the system of mass production that was pioneered in the early 20th century by the Ford Motor Company or (2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.
Corporation
a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
Monopoly
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
Strikes
hit forcibly and deliberately with one’s hand or a weapon or other implement.
Unions
the action or fact of joining or being joined, especially in a political context.
Collective
done by people acting as a group.
Bargaining
negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction.
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.
James Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), named after the Scottish engineer James Watt (1736–1819).
Henry Bessemer
Sir Henry Bessemer (19 January 1813 – 15 March 1898) was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century.
Richard Arkwright
Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 in Preston – 3 August 1792 in Cromford) was an inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.
Robert Fulton
Robert Fulton (November 14, 1765 – February 24, 1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont.
Samuel Morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American painter and inventor.
Henry Ford
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
