Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT one of the closely related developments of the Industrial Revolution?
the gendered division of labor
Which is the correct chronological ordering of inventions relating to textile production?
spinning jenny, then water frame, then mule, then power loom
The Industrial Revolution took place in Great Britain first because its population
increased more rapidly than that of any other country in Europe.
When was the last great famine in Britain?
1740
The term capital refers to
all physical and financial assets used in production.
British industries had an abundant supply of ____ and ____ that other European countries lacked.
natural resources, raw materials
Why were the early stages of industrialization generally less horrific for workers in the United States than they had been in Britain?
Labor was in short supply in America.
Which innovation in the production process originated in America around the turn of the twentieth century?
the assembly line
What type of industrialization was particularly evident in France?
regionalized industrialization
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of industrialization in nineteenth-century Europe?
a significant improvement in living conditions among the lower classes
Labor rates varied depending on age and gender; ___________ generally earned the least, and ________ generally earned the most.
children; adult men
Nineteenth-century industrial society was divided into three main social groups: ____, ____, and ____.
the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie, the working class
What was the outcome of the Sadler Committee on Child Labor?
It led to new law that prohibited the employment of children under age 9.
Which of the following statements concerning the Opium War, 1839-1842, is NOT true?
British merchants refused to supply China with a deadly narcotic, and the Chinese government punished them in retaliation.
Of all the imperial possessions controlled by Britain, the position of ____ was the most unusual.
Ireland
Which of the following developments did NOT contribute to the Industrial Revolution?
the growth of state power
Around 1850, what product accounted for 70 percent of all exports from Britain?
cotton
By 1850, approximately ____ percent of the British workforce was employed in coal mines.
5
What was the consumer revolution that took place in eighteenth-century Great Britain?
a new desire among all classes to purchase a wide variety of goods
Which of the following is NOT a condition that facilitated industrial development in Great Britain?
intensive competition with France
For what article of clothing, for both men and women, was demand particularly strong in Britain in the early 1800s?
stockings
What differentiated industrialization on the European continent from the process in Britain?
industrialization in continental Europe was encouraged by state governments and large banks
The term “industrial regionalism” suggests that
industrialization took place in small geographic regions within larger states.
The Habsburg Empire’s industrialization was centered in
Bohemia [the Czech Republic].
What effect did industrialization have on standards of living in Europe?
Scholars disagree as to whether it had a positive or negative effect.
Female and child labor
was popular, plentiful and cheap throughout Europe.
Which of the following statements concerning class and class consciousness is NOT true?
Working men and women were quick to participate in violence against their employers.
Who was Ned Ludd?
the mythical leader of English hand loom weavers who smashed textile factory machines
Between 1773 and 1820, the population of Manchester in Britain
increased from 23,000 to 105,000.
What was the connection between industry, trade, and empire in Great Britain?
The wealth collected from overseas colonies stimulated British industry and made it easier to conquer new colonies.
What does the text identify as the most striking feature of modern industrial economies?
machines
During the early modern period the urban craftsman’s workshop gave way to
rural cottage industry.
The division of labor, as described by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations, involved
the assignment of one stage of production to each worker or group of workers.
Which of these statements is NOT true about railroads during the Industrial Revolution?
they contributed to an increased demand for horses
What social condition was present in Britain that allowed industrialization to progress there before other European countries?
Its population increased more rapidly than that of any other country in continental Europe.
In Great Britain, the capital that was needed to achieve industrial transformation came mainly from
private sources.
Which of the following is true of the eighteenth century consumer revolution?
Workers developed a strong demand for manufactured goods, which fueled the Industrial Revolution.
Why did it take so long for countries on continental Europe to industrialize?
Continental Europe lacked the abundant raw materials that were readily accessible in Britain.
One distinctive feature of continental industrialization was that
banks played a central role in industrial development.
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Industrial Revolution?
increasing food prices
The effect of industrialization on the standard of living and quality of life of the laboring population was
both positive and negative.
How did family life change by the end of the Industrial Revolution?
The exclusion of women from certain occupations reinforced a new sexual division of labor that was even more rigid than that of pre-industrial society.
What group was at the top of the new system of social classification brought on by industrialization?
the aristocracy
The Peterloo Massacre
contributed to a sense of class identity in Britain.
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between industrialization and empire in Britain?
Because of high protective tariffs in the industrial west, Britain chose to market its goods in its less economically developed colonies.
The most important invention of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine.
True
Oil became the key to the expansion of the British iron industry in the nineteenth century.
False
France was the first country to industrialize.
False
Lower class demands for manufactured products, encouraged by a tremendous increase in real wages, had a great effect on the Industrial Revolution.
False
The most significant American technological innovation before 1900 was the sewing machine.
True
During the Industrial Revolution, markets acquired a distinctly regional character, and the goods produced in one region almost always served the needs of the local people.
False
Industrialization allowed the working class to form a single and immediate unifying class-consciousness.
False
The Luddites were groups of hand loom weavers that smashed the new textile machinery they blamed for rising unemployment and low wages.
True
Urbanization and industrialization triggered a nostalgic reaction that became one of the sources of the romantic movement.
True
Industrialization altered the organization of society, the patterns of work, and the landscape to a degree not experienced since the Neolithic Age.
True
