Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the closely related developments of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

the gendered division of labor

Question 2

Which is the correct chronological ordering of inventions relating to textile production?

Answer 2

spinning jenny, then water frame, then mule, then power loom

Question 3

The Industrial Revolution took place in Great Britain first because its population

Answer 3

increased more rapidly than that of any other country in Europe.

Question 4

When was the last great famine in Britain?

Answer 4

1740

Question 5

The term capital refers to

Answer 5

all physical and financial assets used in production.

Question 6

British industries had an abundant supply of ____ and ____ that other European countries lacked.

Answer 6

natural resources, raw materials

Question 7

Why were the early stages of industrialization generally less horrific for workers in the United States than they had been in Britain?

Answer 7

Labor was in short supply in America.

Question 8

Which innovation in the production process originated in America around the turn of the twentieth century?

Answer 8

the assembly line

Question 9

What type of industrialization was particularly evident in France?

Answer 9

regionalized industrialization

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of industrialization in nineteenth-century Europe?

Answer 10

a significant improvement in living conditions among the lower classes

Question 11

Labor rates varied depending on age and gender; ___________ generally earned the least, and ________ generally earned the most.

Answer 11

children; adult men

Question 12

Nineteenth-century industrial society was divided into three main social groups: ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 12

the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie, the working class

Question 13

What was the outcome of the Sadler Committee on Child Labor?

Answer 13

It led to new law that prohibited the employment of children under age 9.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning the Opium War, 1839-1842, is NOT true?

Answer 14

British merchants refused to supply China with a deadly narcotic, and the Chinese government punished them in retaliation.

Question 15

Of all the imperial possessions controlled by Britain, the position of ____ was the most unusual.

Answer 15

Ireland

Question 16

Which of the following developments did NOT contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 16

the growth of state power

Question 17

Around 1850, what product accounted for 70 percent of all exports from Britain?

Answer 17

cotton

Question 18

By 1850, approximately ____ percent of the British workforce was employed in coal mines.

Answer 18

5

Question 19

What was the consumer revolution that took place in eighteenth-century Great Britain?

Answer 19

a new desire among all classes to purchase a wide variety of goods

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a condition that facilitated industrial development in Great Britain?

Answer 20

intensive competition with France

Question 21

For what article of clothing, for both men and women, was demand particularly strong in Britain in the early 1800s?

Answer 21

stockings

Question 22

What differentiated industrialization on the European continent from the process in Britain?

Answer 22

industrialization in continental Europe was encouraged by state governments and large banks

Question 23

The term “industrial regionalism” suggests that

Answer 23

industrialization took place in small geographic regions within larger states.

Question 24

The Habsburg Empire’s industrialization was centered in

Answer 24

Bohemia [the Czech Republic].

Question 25

What effect did industrialization have on standards of living in Europe?

Answer 25

Scholars disagree as to whether it had a positive or negative effect.

Question 26

Female and child labor

Answer 26

was popular, plentiful and cheap throughout Europe.

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning class and class consciousness is NOT true?

Answer 27

Working men and women were quick to participate in violence against their employers.

Question 28

Who was Ned Ludd?

Answer 28

the mythical leader of English hand loom weavers who smashed textile factory machines

Question 29

Between 1773 and 1820, the population of Manchester in Britain

Answer 29

increased from 23,000 to 105,000.

Question 30

What was the connection between industry, trade, and empire in Great Britain?

Answer 30

The wealth collected from overseas colonies stimulated British industry and made it easier to conquer new colonies.

Question 31

What does the text identify as the most striking feature of modern industrial economies?

Answer 31

machines

Question 32

During the early modern period the urban craftsman’s workshop gave way to

Answer 32

rural cottage industry.

Question 33

The division of labor, as described by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations, involved

Answer 33

the assignment of one stage of production to each worker or group of workers.

Question 34

Which of these statements is NOT true about railroads during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 34

they contributed to an increased demand for horses

Question 35

What social condition was present in Britain that allowed industrialization to progress there before other European countries?

Answer 35

Its population increased more rapidly than that of any other country in continental Europe.

Question 36

In Great Britain, the capital that was needed to achieve industrial transformation came mainly from

Answer 36

private sources.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the eighteenth century consumer revolution?

Answer 37

Workers developed a strong demand for manufactured goods, which fueled the Industrial Revolution.

Question 38

Why did it take so long for countries on continental Europe to industrialize?

Answer 38

Continental Europe lacked the abundant raw materials that were readily accessible in Britain.

Question 39

One distinctive feature of continental industrialization was that

Answer 39

banks played a central role in industrial development.

Question 40

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 40

increasing food prices

Question 41

The effect of industrialization on the standard of living and quality of life of the laboring population was

Answer 41

both positive and negative.

Question 42

How did family life change by the end of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 42

The exclusion of women from certain occupations reinforced a new sexual division of labor that was even more rigid than that of pre-industrial society.

Question 43

What group was at the top of the new system of social classification brought on by industrialization?

Answer 43

the aristocracy

Question 44

The Peterloo Massacre

Answer 44

contributed to a sense of class identity in Britain.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between industrialization and empire in Britain?

Answer 45

Because of high protective tariffs in the industrial west, Britain chose to market its goods in its less economically developed colonies.

Question 46

The most important invention of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Oil became the key to the expansion of the British iron industry in the nineteenth century.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

France was the first country to industrialize.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

Lower class demands for manufactured products, encouraged by a tremendous increase in real wages, had a great effect on the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

The most significant American technological innovation before 1900 was the sewing machine.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

During the Industrial Revolution, markets acquired a distinctly regional character, and the goods produced in one region almost always served the needs of the local people.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

Industrialization allowed the working class to form a single and immediate unifying class-consciousness.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

The Luddites were groups of hand loom weavers that smashed the new textile machinery they blamed for rising unemployment and low wages.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Urbanization and industrialization triggered a nostalgic reaction that became one of the sources of the romantic movement.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Industrialization altered the organization of society, the patterns of work, and the landscape to a degree not experienced since the Neolithic Age.

Answer 55

True